The Effect of Age on the Gingival Crevicular Fluid Composition During Experimental Gingivitis. A Pilot Study

Abstract

Background:Cytokines have been proposed as potentially useful diagnostic or prognostic markers of periodontal inflammation related alterations during the experimental gingivitis model. The role of ageing in periodontal disease needs further elucidation; therefore investigations of its influence on host response are needed.Objective:To study the effect of age on interleukins IL -6, IL-8 and TNF-a levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and their correlations to clinical parameters during experimental gingivitis.Materials and Methods: Five young subjects (20-22 years old) and five old subjects (61-65 years old), all periodontal healthy, participated in this clinical trial. A professional plaque control programme was undertaken to establish healthy gingival conditions at baseline. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) were recorded at 60 sites at baseline, after 21 days of no oral hygiene and one week later after professional cleaning and reestablishment of oral hygiene procedures. A total of 180 samples were analyzed with ELISA for levels of IL -6, IL-8 and TNF-a in gingival crevicular fluid. The examination included the mesiobuccal sites of the Ramfjord teeth. Comparisons between and within groups were performed by non-parametric tests (Mann- Withney) and correlations were sought for with Wilcoxon test. Significance was set at p=0.05.Results:Results showed significant diferences between the two groups with regard to the plaque and bleeding scores and GCF volume, all of which proved to be more pronounced in old group. With respect to laboratory data, mean cytokine concentrations were in general lower in young group. TNF-a had a steady increase for the adults, which was found to be statistically significant between Days 0 and 21, IL-8 showed a statistically significant decrease at Day 28 in the young group and finally IL-6 showed a fluctuation, which was totally adverse for the two groups at each time point.Conclusion:Within the limitations of the present study, age cannot be identified as a factor that strongly affects the cytokine expression and fluctuations even in a well-controlled environment of inflammation, such as experimental gingivitis.

Experimental mucositis and experimental gingivitis in persons aged 70 or over. Clinical and biological responses

“…At baseline, no significant differences were observed in the expression of any cytokine in GCF and PCF. This is in accordance with previous studies that showed that under healthy clinical conditions, the expression of biomarkers does not differ between implants and teeth (Tsalikis ; Salvi et al. ; Cionca et al.…”

“…At baseline, no significant differences were observed in the expression of any cytokine in GCF and PCF. This is in accordance with previous studies that showed that under healthy clinical conditions, the expression of biomarkers does not differ between implants and teeth (Tsalikis 2010;Salvi et al 2012;Cionca et al 2016;Ramseier et al 2016). With the development of inflammation, significant changes were observed for several biomarkers assessed around implants and teeth that returned to baseline levels by the end of the experiment.…”

“…). Another experimental gingivitis trial showed that age had an effect on clinical parameters such as plaque and bleeding scores, but had no impact on GCF levels of studied cytokines; similar levels were expressed in younger and older persons (Tsalikis ). When interpreting these findings, it must be born in mind that the elderly dentition more often presents with niches due to recession of papillae and gingiva and that the prevalence of dental restorations is also higher in older age cohorts.…”

Effects of curcumin on crevicular levels of IL‐1β and CCL28 in experimental gingivitis

“…A similar relationship between GCF cytokines and clinical gingival inflammation has been reported previously. 38,42 The application of any topical gel was not effective in reducing IL-1b levels to baseline levels in our study. At 29 days, IL-1b levels in GCF were significantly lower in the CRM and CHX-MTZ groups compared to the CHX group.…”

“…Researchers have shown an increase in GCF volume after 21 days of no oral hygiene, but no such change was seen in our study. 38 The interventions might have controlled an increase. Smokers were excluded from this study due to the depressive effects of tobacco on gingival inflammation.…”