The effect of a rapid weight loss on lipid profile and glycemic control in obese type 2 diabetic patients

Harder, Helle; Dinesen, Bo; Astrup, Arne

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802529

Cited by 68 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Similar to our results, previous studies have shown a positive association between glycemic control and adiposity (39,42,43) and cholesterol levels (21,44). Studies in individuals without diabetes have also shown similar correlations between lipids and A1C (45)(46)(47)(48).…”

Section: Multivariable Analysessupporting

confidence: 81%

Glycemic Control, Atherosclerosis, and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Individuals With Diabetes

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE -Glycemic control (HbA 1c [A1C]) is strongly associated with microvascular disease in individuals with diabetes, but its relation to macrovascular disease and atherosclerosis is less clear. This study examines the relationship between A1C, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), and traditional cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-A cross-sectional study of 2,060 people with diagnosed and undiagnosed (unrecognized) diabetes in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study was performed.RESULTS -LDL and HDL cholesterol, plasma triglycerides, and waist-to-hip ratio were significantly associated with A1C after multivariable adjustment. African Americans with undiagnosed and diagnosed diabetes had significantly elevated A1C values compared with whites, even after adjustment for potentially confounding factors. There was a graded association between A1C and carotid IMT. In a fully adjusted model in individuals with undiagnosed diabetes, the odds ratio (OR) of being in the highest quartile of IMT versus the lowest was 2.46 (95% CI 1.16 -5.03, comparing the highest quartile of A1C to the lowest). In people with diagnosed diabetes, the comparable OR was 2.62 (1.36 -5.06).CONCLUSIONS -This study identified several important associations between A1C and known risk factors for cardiovascular disease and suggested that A1C is independently related to carotid IMT. Chronically elevated glucose levels may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis in people with diabetes, independent of other risk factors. Diabetes Care 28:1965-1973, 2005R ecent estimates suggest that there are ϳ18 million individuals with diabetes in the U.S., affecting ϳ9% of the total adult population (1). Glycemic control is a focus of clinical treatment of diabetes. HbA 1c (A1C), a measure of long-term glycemic control, is used to monitor and guide clinical treatment in individuals with diabetes. Elevated A1C levels are strongly associated with diabetes-related microvascular disease (2-4), but whether A1C is independently associated with the progression of atherosclerosis (5) and cardiovascular events (6) in individuals with diabetes remains controversial.The U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) showed an overall 25% reduction (P ϭ 0.0099) in the risk of microvascular disease end points in the intensively treated group (median A1C ϭ 7.0%) compared with the conventionally treated group (7.9%) after 10 years of follow-up (2). There is some evidence from epidemiologic studies that similar reductions in A1C may also reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in people with diabetes (6,7). In the UKPDS trial, there was a 16% reduction (P ϭ 0.052) in myocardial infarction observed for the intensively treated group compared with the conventionally treated group. Although the findings were only of borderline statistical significance, the UKPDS provided intriguing evidence of glycemic control as a possible modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease.Few studies have explicitly examined the asso...

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Section: Multivariable Analysessupporting

confidence: 81%

Glycemic Control, Atherosclerosis, and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Individuals With Diabetes

et al. 2005

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“…The present study is similar to the studies performed by Kreisberg [6] and Kesavuler et al [7], Idogun et al [8], Albrki et al [9], Harder H et al [10], and Gordon et al [11]. Similar studies done by Vikram et al in New Delhi showed a significant increase in TGs and high waist to hip ratio in young adults with family history of Type 2 DM [12].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“Study of Total Cholesterol (Tc), Triacylglycerols (Tg), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (Hdl-C) in Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus.”

Patil¹,

Mandare²,

Pandurang³

2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: There are probably 100 million people in the world with diabetes mellitus (DM), and incidences of diabetes are on the rise. Dyslipidemia is one of the common disorders which are seen in most of the diabetes patients, which causes cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerols (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in Type 2 DM, and healthy controls. Methods:The study was conducted on 50 controls and 50 Type 2 diabetic subjects between age group of 30 and 60 years. Serum TC was determined by an enzymatic (cholesterol oxidase/phenol-aminophenazone [PAP]) colorimetric method and TGs were determined by an enzymatic (glycerol phosphate oxidase-PAP) method, and HDL-C was estimated by a precipitant method. Statistical analysis was done using unpaired t-test. Results:The mean value of TC, TGs, and HDL-C in normal subjects is 165.5±24.24, 118.7±41.58, 28.38±7.85 mg/dl, respectively, and the value of TC, TGs, and HDL-C in diabetic patients is 179±31.69, 164.35±27.93, 25.4±6.86 mg/dl, respectively. The observed difference in the means of TC, TGs, and HDL-C in normal and diabetic are statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion:From the present study, it is concluded that TC, TGs, and HDL-C levels for all persons with Type 2 DM should be done as a routine test. Furthermore, early diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia can be used as a preventive measure for the development of cardiovascular disease in Type 2 diabetes.

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“…Similar to human, type 2 diabetic rats undergo CR or exercise displayed improved plasma levels of glucose, insulin, cholesterol and triacylglycerol and reduced abdominal fat accumulation [74] . Other report also reported reduction in cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes following CR [75] . Hammer and colleagues reported that a shortterm very low-calorie diet increases myocardial triglyceride content and is associated with a decrease in left ventricular diastolic function in patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes [76] .…”

Section: Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 89%

Caloric restriction and heart function: is there a sensible link?

Han

Ren

2010

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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Calorie restriction (CR) is defined as a reduction in calorie intake below the usual ad libitum intake without malnutrition. In general, the daily caloric intake subjected to CR has been restricted to 50% to 70% of the average food intake in subjects eating ad libitum [1,2] . CR was first reported to retard aging and prolong median and maximal life span in the 1930s [3] . Over the last several decades, CR has been widely studied which exhibits an apparent beneficial impact on longevity, ageassociated diseases, and attenuation of functional decline, across a broad variety of species (including rats, mice, fish, flies, worms and yeast) [4,5] . Moreover, CR provides protection against a cadre of chronic diseases including diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders [6][7][8] and cancer [9][10][11][12] . CR has been shown to alter a variety of physiological parameters especially reduced metabolic rate and oxidative damage, resulting in a decrease in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases [13] . In response to energy deficiency, experimental animals experience a drastic decrease in both fat mass and lean body mass. Muscle mass is overtly reduced, although the rate of loss of function and mass/body weight with the aging process is attenuated [9,[14][15][16] . Metabolic rate may decrease transiently although studies have indicated similar metabolic rate per kg lean body mass to that of ad libitum fed rodents in longterm CR protocol [17] . Body temperature, systolic and diastolic blood pressure all decrease [18,19] along with the reduced sympathetic activity [20] . CR-treated animals are more spontaneously active and display superior cognitive abilities compared to their ad libitum counterparts [21,22] .The most prominent mechanism that may be responsible for the beneficial health and physiological effects of CR are usually mediated through increased insulin sensitivity which results in reduced plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and improved glucose tolerance [23] ; reduced levels of oxidative stress (decreased oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and DNA) [24] , increased resistance to various types of stress including heat, oxidative and metabolic stress [25] as well as enhanced immune function [26] . Impact of CR on agingAn inverse relationship between calorie intake and lifespan has been revealed in mice, suggesting a key role for regulators of energy metabolism in the mechanism of CR. Accordingly, CR-induced metabolic reprogramming may be a key event in the mechanism of lifespan extension [27,28] . The age when CR is started, the severity of restriction, and strain or genetic background of animals determine the magnitude of life extension. The only mammals in which CR has clearly been shown ReviewCaloric restriction and heart function: is there a sensible link? Calorie restriction (CR) is defined as a reduction in calorie intake below the usual ad libitum intake without malnutrition. Ample of clinical and experimental evidence has demonstrated that CR is capable of retarding aging p...

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The effect of a rapid weight loss on lipid profile and glycemic control in obese type 2 diabetic patients

Cited by 68 publications

References 17 publications

Glycemic Control, Atherosclerosis, and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Individuals With Diabetes

Glycemic Control, Atherosclerosis, and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Individuals With Diabetes

“Study of Total Cholesterol (Tc), Triacylglycerols (Tg), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (Hdl-C) in Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus.”

Caloric restriction and heart function: is there a sensible link?

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