The effect of 4-hexylresorcinol on xenograft degradation in a rat calvarial defect model

Abstract

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate xenograft degradation velocity when treated with 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR).MethodsThe scapula of a cow was purchased from a local grocery, and discs (diameter 8 mm, thickness 1 mm) were prepared by trephine bur. Discs treated with 4HR were used as the experimental group. Untreated discs were used as the control. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), antibacterial test, endotoxin test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed on the discs. In vivo degradation was evaluated by the rat calvarial defect model.ResultsThe XRD and FT-IR results demonstrated successful incorporation of 4HR into the bovine bone. The experimental disc showed antibacterial properties. The endotoxin test yielded results below the level of endotoxin contamination. In the SEM exam, the surface of the experimental group showed needle-shaped crystal and spreading of RAW264.7 cells. In the animal experiments, the amount of residual graft was significantly smaller in the experimental group compared to the control group (P = 0.003).ConclusionsIn this study, 4HR was successfully incorporated into bovine bone, and 4HR-incorporated bovine bone had antibacterial properties. In vivo experiments demonstrated that 4HR-incorporated bovine bone showed more rapid degradation than untreated bovine bone.

Angioplasty Using 4-Hexylresorcinol-Incorporated Silk Vascular Patch in Rat Carotid Defect Model

“…The 4-HR compound has anti-microbial activity and is used as an antiseptic [55]. In consideration of these characteristics, in this study, 4-HR was used as a material component in the silk patch in order to prevent bacterial infection and an immune reaction, as this compound is known to inhibit foreign-body reaction and giant cell formation around the graft material area [31]. The 4-HR compound inhibits foreign-body giant cell formation via suppression of the diacylglycerol kinase in macrophages, and induces the biodegradation of the graft material [31,34].…”

“…This compound was used as a food additive to prevent the melanosis of seafood and fruit, and as antiseptics for skin and oral mucosa [29,30]. It was recently employed as a component in silk-based biomaterials because of its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory activities [31]. In addition, in a microvascular anastomosis study, 4-HR was observed to yield anti-thrombotic effects such as blood coagulation delay and the inhibition of thrombus formation [32].…”

Demineralized Freeze-Dried Bovine Cortical Bone: Its Potential for Guided Bone Regeneration Membrane

“…Macrophages had been shown to respond and naturally bound to almost all biomaterials once implanted, including collagen [ 14 ]. It had been demonstrated that macrophages participate in the degradation of biomaterials by the release of a variety of enzymes [ 15 ], mediators of degradation such as reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs), enzymes, and acid between the cell membrane and biomaterial surface [ 16 ]. Macrophages could fuse and became foreign body giant cells (FBGCs), which were observed at biomaterial-tissue interface of implanted devices and tissue engineering scaffolds [ 17 ].…”

Silk Protein-Based Membrane for Guided Bone Regeneration

“…As a result, 4-HR can inhibit the osteoclast activation, and it may contribute to new bone regeneration. 4-HR has been used as an ingredient of bone graft material, and it has shown favorable results in new bone regeneration [69]. The 4-HR and HA combined graft material has shown higher initial bone regeneration in a rabbit calvarial defect [70].…”