BackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate xenograft degradation velocity when treated with 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR).MethodsThe scapula of a cow was purchased from a local grocery, and discs (diameter 8 mm, thickness 1 mm) were prepared by trephine bur. Discs treated with 4HR were used as the experimental group. Untreated discs were used as the control. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), antibacterial test, endotoxin test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed on the discs. In vivo degradation was evaluated by the rat calvarial defect model.ResultsThe XRD and FT-IR results demonstrated successful incorporation of 4HR into the bovine bone. The experimental disc showed antibacterial properties. The endotoxin test yielded results below the level of endotoxin contamination. In the SEM exam, the surface of the experimental group showed needle-shaped crystal and spreading of RAW264.7 cells. In the animal experiments, the amount of residual graft was significantly smaller in the experimental group compared to the control group (P = 0.003).ConclusionsIn this study, 4HR was successfully incorporated into bovine bone, and 4HR-incorporated bovine bone had antibacterial properties. In vivo experiments demonstrated that 4HR-incorporated bovine bone showed more rapid degradation than untreated bovine bone.
Objectives: This study investigates dental hygienists' experience, education, and awareness of dentin hypersensitivity. Its purpose is to provide a basis for the development of preventive procedures and educational materials for dentin hypersensitivity. Methods: After distributing the questionnaire, Oral health characteristics of dental hygienists and the general public were investigated. In addition, the experience of dentin hypersensitivity according to general characteristics and the need for education were confirmed. The collected data were analyzed by frequency analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, unpaired t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Results: There was no difference in the experience of dentin hypersensitivity according to oral health-related or general characteristics in the dental hygienist group. In terms of oral health, there was a difference in educational requirements for dentin hypersensitivity for 'family support for oral health'. Conclusions:The experience of dentin hypersensitivity in this study can be used as data for the development of a Korean dentin hypersensitivity experience questionnaire. The educational requirements and perception of dentine hypersensitivity will help develop educational materials from the patient's perspective. Moreover, they will be essential for practical education on dentine hypersensitivity in dental hygiene and educational processes.
En el presente trabajo se describe un prototipo de aplicación móvil para el aprendizaje del álgebra, en específico, el tema de Traducción del lenguaje común al lenguaje algebraico y viceversa. El tema fue seleccionado como resultado de un diagnóstico realizado a 126 estudiantes de segundo semestre del ciclo escolar 2017-2018 del Centro de Bachillerato Tecnológico Agropecuario No. 14. Se diseñó el contenido educativo de la aplicación, así como su secuencia y organización. Posterior a esto, se utilizó la técnica de Storyboarding para representar la interfaz y la herramienta AppInventor de Google para desarrollar tres juegos didácticos. Se observó que más de un 80% de estudiantes dispone un dispositivo móvil y lo emplean para actividades escolares, por lo que se espera que con la implementación del prototipo mejoren las calificaciones y se capte el interés por las matemáticas. In the present work a mobile application prototype is described for the learning of algebra, specifically, the topic of Translation from the common language to the algebraic language and vice versa. The topic was selected as a result of a diagnosis made to 126 students of the second semester of the 2017-2018 school year of Centro de Bachillerato Tecnológico Agropecuario No. 14. The educational content of the application was designed, as well as its sequence and organization. After this, the Storyboarding technique was used to represent the interface and the Google AppInventor tool to develop three didactic games. It was observed that more than 80% of students have a mobile device and use it for school activities, so it is expected that with the implementation of the prototype the grades will improve and the interest in mathematics will be captured.
En el presente trabajo se describe un prototipo de aplicación móvil para el aprendizaje del álgebra, en específico, el tema de Traducción del lenguaje común al lenguaje algebraico y viceversa. El tema fue seleccionado como resultado de un diagnóstico realizado a 126 estudiantes de segundo semestre del ciclo escolar 2017-2018 del Centro de Bachillerato Tecnológico Agropecuario No. 14. Se diseñó el contenido educativo de la aplicación, así como su secuencia y organización. Posterior a esto, se utilizó la técnica de Storyboarding para representar la interfaz y la herramienta AppInventor de Google para desarrollar tres juegos didácticos. Se observó que más de un 80% de estudiantes dispone un dispositivo móvil y lo emplean para actividades escolares, por lo que se espera que con la implementación del prototipo mejoren las calificaciones y se capte el interés por las matemáticas. In the present work a mobile application prototype is described for the learning of algebra, specifically, the topic of Translation from the common language to the algebraic language and vice versa. The topic was selected as a result of a diagnosis made to 126 students of the second semester of the 2017-2018 school year of Centro de Bachillerato Tecnológico Agropecuario No. 14. The educational content of the application was designed, as well as its sequence and organization. After this, the Storyboarding technique was used to represent the interface and the Google AppInventor tool to develop three didactic games. It was observed that more than 80% of students have a mobile device and use it for school activities, so it is expected that with the implementation of the prototype the grades will improve and the interest in mathematics will be captured.
Background: Fluoranthene is a member of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon family, comprising ubiquitous environmental pollutants and potent mutagens. Fluoranthene has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a group 3 carcinogens, whose carcinogenicity has not been fully determined in humans. Moreover, the stem cell toxicity and global hematotoxicity associated with fluoranthene exposure have not been thoroughly studied in the bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). In this study, we determined whether fluoranthene-induced cellular responses could be used as biomarkers for the examination of BM-MSC dysfunction, and suggested the possible use of BM-MSCs for monitoring the acute hematotoxicity caused by environmental hazards. Materials and Methods: Apreviously published protocol was used for the isolation and characterization of BM-MSCs. Fluoranthene was added to the cell culture medium in the range of 25–500 µM. The cellular levels of hydrogen peroxide, indicating the presence of reactive oxygen species, were measured using an enzyme immunoassay. The mitochondrial mass, membrane potential, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number were measured using MitoTracker Green, MitoTracker Red probes, and real time PCR, respectively. A proteomic analysis of the mitochondrial-rich cytoplasmic fraction was performed using nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS, BioWorksBrowser, and the SEQUEST search engines. Quantitative mRNA and immunoblot measurements were used to further confirm the altered mRNA expression as well as to determine the levels of cellular proteins obtained from the proteomic analysis. Results: After exposure to fluoranthene, the BM-MSCs showed a marked reduction in cell number, and the viability decreased substantially after two days of exposure. BM-MSCs that were not treated with fluoranthene remained compact and spindle-shaped. These cells remained tightly attached to each other and to the substrate. In general, a direct exposure of fluoranthene depressed the proliferative capacity and altered the cell morphology of BM-MSCs. The cells detached from the subsurface, and cell-to-cell attachments were also lost. The viability significantly decreased after two days of fluoranthene exposure. The mtDNA copy number and the mass showed a rapid elevation after a 5-day exposure to fluoranthene. Hundreds of cellular proteins in the mitochondria-rich cytoplasmic fraction were markedly deregulated in cells treated with fluoranthene. The protein expression levels of poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1), elongation factor 1-gamma, heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A/1B, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B1 isoform B1, ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX5, and T-complex protein 1 subunit theta were upregulated more than five-fold in cells treated with fluoranthene than in untreated cells. A significant (more than 2-fold) down-regulation in the cellular levels of the proteins myosin-9, protein ALO17 isoform 1, filamin-C isoform b, Na/K-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1, nuclear pore membrane glycoprotein 210, and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit isoform 2 was observed after a similar fluoranthene treatment. The presence of PARP-1 was further confirmed using mRNA analysis. Conclusion: This study investigated the global cellular responses after exposure to fluoranthene: PARP-1 was recognized as a notable biomarker for monitoring the PAH-induced hematotoxicity. In summary, BM-MSCs are promising candidates for the development of unique in vitro model systems for predicting fluoranthene-associated hematotoxicity and general toxicity in humans. Keywords: Fluoranthene, genotoxicity, hematotoxicity, bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells Figure 1. Stem cell-based in vitro models and biomarkers for studying the hematotoxic effects of fluoranthene exposure. (A) Direct exposure of PAHs depressed the proliferative capacity of h-TERT cells with a thread-like or round shape and loose cell-to-cell attachment. (B) Cytotoxic effect of fluoranthene exposure to the bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells remarkably increased with dose-dependent manner. (C) Identified potential biomarkers were categorized as their biological processes and molecular functions. (D) Immunoblot confirmed the increased expression of poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1) after exposure of fluoranthene. Figure 1. Stem cell-based in vitro models and biomarkers for studying the hematotoxic effects of fluoranthene exposure. (A) Direct exposure of PAHs depressed the proliferative capacity of h-TERT cells with a thread-like or round shape and loose cell-to-cell attachment. (B) Cytotoxic effect of fluoranthene exposure to the bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells remarkably increased with dose-dependent manner. (C) Identified potential biomarkers were categorized as their biological processes and molecular functions. (D) Immunoblot confirmed the increased expression of poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1) after exposure of fluoranthene. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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