The Distribution of Rutin and Other Flavonoid Substances in Buckwheat Seedlings.

Mechanochemical-assisted efficient extraction of rutin from Hibiscus mutabilis L.

“…Rutin is a weak acid and its pKa 1 is about 4.3 (Jovanovic, Steenken, Tosic, Marjanovic, & Simic, 1994). It is unstable in alkaline solution (Troyer, 1955). A series of acidification pH values were investigated under the same extraction conditions (Na 2 CO 3 : 15.0%, Na 2 B 4 O 7 ·10H 2 O: 1.5% (w/w); grinding time: 4 min; extraction time: 10 min; extraction solvent: water; solvent/material ratio: 30 mL/g; temperature: 25°C).…”

Physiological Roles of Rutin in the Buckwheat Plant

“…The rutin concentration changes as common buckwheat seedlings grow (Troyer 1955, Watanabe & Ito 2002, Kim et al 2004, Kim et al 2006, 2007, Krahl et al 2008. In seedlings, flavonoids other than rutin, including orientine and isovitexine, have also been identified.…”

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 74. Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.

“…Because Tartary buckwheat produced a high proportion of leaves and contains more rutin than other buckwheats, it produces a greater yield of rutin per acre (Druzhkov 1972;Naghski et al 1955). (Effer and Ranson 19671, Takahashi and Shimonuira 1968;Troyer 1957Troyer , 1958 (Dew 1981), north of Riding Mountain National Park in Manitoba (Thomas 1978) and north western Saskatchewan (Thomas 1979 (Marshall 1969 (Martin and Leonard (1968 At l5"C the process of elongation took place more slowly, and at 10"C it was extremely slow. Friesen and Dew (1961) Born and Corns (1958a) found that the after-ripening process took place very slowly at low temperature, and was accelerated by higher tem- However, if a higher initial moisture content was maintained throughout the treatment the seeds lost their viability at 60oC.…”