The direct effect of insulin on organ cultures of brown fat

Sidman, Richard L.

doi:10.1002/ar.1091240408

Cited by 141 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The favourable effects of lower temperature of culturing on the morphological appearance of BAT has been previously noted (16). Histo logically, a comparison of tissue cultures at two temperatures showed little difference in their appearance in spite of large differences in cyto plasmic enzyme activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Rat Fetal Brown Adipose Tissue <i>in vitro</i>: Effects of Hormones and Ambient Temperature

Frohlich¹,

Hahn²,

Kirby³

et al. 1976

Neonatology

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Interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) from fetal rats was maintained in Eagle’s minimal essential medium for 6–24 h at 37 or 25 °C. Pyruvate kinase (PK), cytoplasmic and mitochondrial α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPK) activities were determined at the start and end of incubation. During prenatal development, the activities of all enzymes, except PK, increased significantly. During incubation at 37 °C, PEPK activity decreased by about 60% in 24 h. The other enzyme activities also fell to a lesser extent. Only the mitochondrial enzyme remained unchanged. Both glucagon and insulin significantly slowed down the fall in PEPK activity. Norepinephrine added every hour for 6 h increased PEPK activity, but only in BAT from fetal rats weighing less than 3.5 g. Incubation at 25 °C largely prevented the decrease in enzyme activities seen at 37 °C. Fetal liver reacted in the opposite way. At 37 °C, PEPK activity increased while at 25 °C it decreased. However, postnatal liver responded to incubation temperature like fetal BAT. It is postulated that the initial level of PEPK (high in fetal BAT and postnatal liver and low in prenatal liver) plays a role in the in vitro response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Rat Fetal Brown Adipose Tissue <i>in vitro</i>: Effects of Hormones and Ambient Temperature

Frohlich¹,

Hahn²,

Kirby³

et al. 1976

Neonatology

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“…The neovascularization phase for fat grafts is similar to that of skin grafts beginning at the fourth day after grafting. 5,6 The engrafted fat becomes integrated as a living graft into the recipient tissue, thus creating a permanent change with a natural appearance and texture. As a living tissue, fat grafts must lie in immediate proximity to the circulation, which affords both oxygen and nutrients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Interleukin-8 on the Viability of Injected Adipose Tissue in Nude Mice

Shoshani

Livne

Armoni

et al. 2005

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

117

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Adipose tissue injection as a free graft for the correction of soft-tissue defects is a widespread procedure in plastic surgery. The main problem in achieving long-term soft-tissue augmentation is partial absorption of the injected fat and hence the need for overcorrection and re-injection. The purpose of this study was to improve the viability of the injected fat by the use of interleukin-8. The rationale for the use of interleukin-8 was its abilities to accelerate angiogenesis and attract inflammatory cells and fibroblasts, providing the injected adipocytes more feeding vessels and a well-established graft bed to enhance their viability. Human adipose tissue, obtained by suction-assisted lipectomy, was re-injected into the subcutis in the scalp of nude mice. Interleukin-8 (0.25 ng) was injected subcutaneously to the scalp as a preparation of the recipient site 24 hours before the fat injection and was added to the fat graft itself (25 ng per 1 cc of injected fat). In the control group, pure fat without interleukin-8 was injected and no interleukin-8 was added for the preparation of the recipient site. One cubic centimeter of fat was injected in each animal in both the study and control groups. There were 10 animals in each group. The animals were euthanized 15 weeks after the procedure. Graft weight and volume were measured and histologic evaluation was performed. In addition, triglyceride content and adipose cell sizes were measured as parameters for fat cells viability. Histologic analysis demonstrated significantly less cyst formation in the group treated with interleukin-8. No significant differences were found between the groups with regard to graft weight and volume or the other histologic parameters investigated. No significant differences were demonstrated in adipose cell sizes and their triglyceride content. In conclusion, less cyst formation, indicating improved quality of the injected fat, can be obtained by the addition of interleukin-8. Further studies of various dosages of interleukin-8 and their long-term effect are required before these encouraging results could be applied clinically.

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“…Glycogen is not normally present to any great extent in hypertrophic avian cartilage, either in vivo or in vitro, although there is much in hypertrophic mammalian cartilage. Sidman (1956) found that insulin treatment increased the amount of glycogen and lipid deposited in organ cultures of brown fat. In the limb-bone rudiments used in the present experiments, insulin also appeared to stimulate the hypertrophy of the cartilage cells, in contrast to Chen's observations (1954a) which indicated that hypertrophy and differentiation were retarded in the rather younger rudiments that he studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Biochemistry, University of Cambridge (Received 23 June 1958) In recent years it has been shown by several workers (Gaillard, 1942 (review of early work); Hardy, Biggers & Claringbold, 1953;Kahn, 1954;Lasnitzki, 1954Lasnitzki, , 1955Fell & Mellanby, 1955; Sidman, 1956) that hormones which affect living animals when administered to them in vivo can also influence the differentiation and growth of organized tissue fragments in vitro. The study of such fragments in organ culture is a useful method by which the direct effects of a hormone, or the interaction of two or more hormones, upon a particular tissue can be investigated (Fell, 1953).…”

Section: By Mary F Hay* From the Strangeways Research Laboratory Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of growth hormone and insulin on limb‐bone rudiments of the embryonic chick cultivated in vitro

Hay¹

1958

The Journal of Physiology

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The direct effect of insulin on organ cultures of brown fat

Cited by 141 publications

References 30 publications

Rat Fetal Brown Adipose Tissue <i>in vitro</i>: Effects of Hormones and Ambient Temperature

Rat Fetal Brown Adipose Tissue <i>in vitro</i>: Effects of Hormones and Ambient Temperature

The Effect of Interleukin-8 on the Viability of Injected Adipose Tissue in Nude Mice

The effect of growth hormone and insulin on limb‐bone rudiments of the embryonic chick cultivated in vitro

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