The different expression of immune-related cytokine genes in response to velogenic and lentogenic Newcastle disease viruses infection in chicken peripheral blood

Abstract

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an important pathogen hazardous to poultry industry, and the pathogenicity of NDV strains varies with different virulence. Peripheral blood serves as an important producer and carrier of viruses and cytokines in NDV infection. In order to explore the difference of cytokine expression in the peripheral blood between velogenic strain and lentogenic strain infection, NDV virulent strain F48E9 and vaccine strain Lasota were used to infect specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens separately, and peripheral blood was collected on 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days post-infection (d.p.i.). Real-time PCR was then used to detect the expression of six kinds of immune-related cytokine genes. For the F48E9 group, a sharp increase of the expression of interferon-alpha (IFN-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-16 and IL-18 was observed on 3 d.p.i. before the NDV blood peak (7 d.p.i.), followed by a rapid decline to the level lower than that of control group, then the expression of IFN-α increased slowly and reached or exceeded the level of control group in the later phase of the infection, while the expression of IFN-γ, IL-16, and IL-18 fluctuated at the level of control group for the rest of study period. The increase of IL-2 expression was not obvious, and no increase of IL-15 expression was noted. For the Lasota (vaccine) group, the picture was quite different, a sharp increase of IFN-γ (but not IFN-α), IL-2 was observed on 7 d.p.i. before the NDV blood peak (10 d.p.i.). On the contrary, there was no dramatic increase of IL-16 and IL-18. Interestingly, in contrast to the F48E9 group, there was an increase of IL-15 on day 10 d.p.i., but it remained modest. There was also an increase of IFN-α on day 21 d.p.i. Our results revealed that infection with NDV strains of different virulence was associated with distinct cytokine expression patterns in peripheral blood, modulation of cytokine responses may play a key role in mediation of NDV pathogenesis.

Novel Mechanisms Revealed in the Trachea Transcriptome of Resistant and Susceptible Chicken Lines following Infection with Newcastle Disease Virus

“…This study identified possible mechanisms for the Fayoumis' resistance, including the downregulation of collagen and the increased activation of eIF2 signaling, which can be used to improve vaccine development and highlight genes for which beneficial genetic variance can be used to inform breeding decisions. Cytokine expression levels are time, tissue, and strain dependent (11)(12)(13). It is critical that future breeding decisions be made from data from studies with multiple tissues, host genetic backgrounds, NDV strains, and time points.…”

“…Examination of host mRNA expression after challenge provides insight into the host-pathogen interaction. Previous studies have compared gene expression levels in response to infection with multiple NDV strains and in host tissues measured from quantitative PCR (qPCR) and microarray data and reported different cytokine expression levels dependent on the strain causing the infection (11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Gene expression analyses performed on tracheal epithelial cells following NDV infection in vitro showed a strong innate immune response (16).…”

Host Innate Immune Responses of Ducks Infected with Newcastle Disease Viruses of Different Pathogenicities

“…NDV’s varied pathogenicity is a complex trait determined by multiple genetic factors and primarily depends on the consequences of virulence and host innate immune response. Several studies have illustrated that immune-related cytokine genes are regulated in host innate immune response to NDV infection in chickens peripheral blood and spleen tissue ( Rue et al, 2011 ; Hu et al, 2012 ; Liu et al, 2012 ). In 2010, two duck-origin NDV strains, SS-10 and NH-10, were genotypically and pathotypically characterized ( Kang et al, 2014 ).…”

“…Previous studies related to the topic have shown, however, that infection with NDV exhibiting a different level of virulence is associated with distinct cytokine expression patterns in the peripheral blood and spleen of chicken ( Rue et al, 2011 ; Hu et al, 2012 ; Liu et al, 2012 ). By extension, modulation of cytokine responses may contribute to the pathogenesis of this highly virulent strain in chickens ( Rue et al, 2011 ; Hu et al, 2012 ; Liu et al, 2012 ; Rasoli et al, 2014 ). Yet, no studies have focused on the host innate immune response of ducks infected with NDVs of different pathogenicities as a factor in determining the course of infection.…”

RNA-seq Profiles of Immune Related Genes in the Spleen of Necrotic Enteritis-afflicted Chicken Lines

“…The disease has been estimated to cost the world poultry industry roughly $2 billion annually ( McReynolds et al, 2004 ). Over the past several years, several studies have profiled the gene expression of two genetically disparate inbred lines (resistant and susceptible line) with regard to their resistance or susceptibility against bacteria, protozoa and virus, including expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin (IL) genes in response to Salmonella (Pan et al, 2011), beta-defensins in response to Eimeria maxima ( Hong et al, 2012 ), and Th1 cytokines genes in response to Newcastle disease virus ( Liu et al, 2012 ).…”