The developmental impact of sex chromosome trisomies on emerging executive functions in young children: Evidence from neurocognitive tests and daily life skills

Kuiper, Kimberly; Swaab, Hanna; Tartaglia, Nicole; Buggenhout, Griet Van; Wouters, Carine; Rijn, Sophie van

doi:10.1111/gbb.12811

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 74 publications

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“…Moreover, evidence indicates that PF in childhood moderately affects PF in adulthood [ 3 ]. A growing body of evidence focuses not only on the PF of healthy children and those with disease, but also on the executive functions (EFs) of these children [ 4 , 5 ]. EFs are represented by a set of higher-order cognition of the prefrontal cortex brain region for goal-directed thought and action [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 11 Weeks of Physical Exercise on Physical Fitness and Executive Functions in Children

et al. 2023

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Object: The aim of our study was to evaluate and compare the effects of physical exercise interventions on physical fitness and executive functions in children. Methods: Six-year-old children participated in the study and were randomly divided into physical exercise group (PE group, n = 43) and control group (C group, n = 46). The children in the PE group participated in a physical exercise program for 45 min daily, four days a week for 11 weeks. The children in the C group continued with their usual routines. Then, all the children were tested before and after the experiment for body composition (height, weight, BMI), physical fitness (20-m shuttle run test, standing long jump test, grip strength test, 4 × 10 m shuttle run test and sit and reach tests), and executive functions test (animal go/no-go task, working memory span task, simple reaction test and flexible item selection task) before and after the 11-week period. Results: The 11 weeks of physical exercise did not significantly affect the body composition of the children (p > 0.05). The physical fitness and executive functions test results showed that 11 weeks of physical exercise interventions improves physical fitness (cardiopulmonary fitness, muscle strength, speed sensitivity and flexibility quality) and executive functions parameters (inhibitory control, working memory, the reaction time, and cognitive flexibility) in children (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Conclusion: 11 weeks of physical exercise can improve the physical fitness and executive functions of six-year-old children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 11 Weeks of Physical Exercise on Physical Fitness and Executive Functions in Children

et al. 2023

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The developmental impact of sex chromosome trisomies on emerging executive functions in young children: Evidence from neurocognitive tests and daily life skills

Kuiper

Swaab

Tartaglia

et al. 2022

Genes Brain and Behavior

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Sex chromosomal trisomies (SCT) are associated with impairments in executive functions in school‐aged children, adolescents, and adults. However, knowledge on preschool development of executive functions is limited but greatly needed to guide early intervention. The current study examined emerging executive functions in young children with SCT. Participants were 72 SCT children and 70 population‐based controls, aged 3–7 years, who completed a neurocognitive assessment of both global executive function (MEFS) and verbal executive function skills (NEPSY Word Generation). Caregivers completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) questionnaire to capture real‐world behavioral manifestations of impairments in executive functions. Results showed that impairments were significantly more prevalent in SCT than in controls and already present from 3 years, specifically verbal executive functions and working memory. Broader more pronounced impairments were found in older children with SCT. Age was significantly related to executive functions, but specific domains showed different relations with age. For example, deficits in planning and organizing remained evident with older age in SCT whereas it declined with age in controls. Impairments in executive functions were present across different levels of intelligence. Already at an early age, impairments across executive functions should be considered part of the neurodevelopmental profile of SCT, which appear more prominent at later age. Future studies should investigate developmental pathways of executive functions in SCT, given its relevance in cognitive, social, and emotional development. Executive functions should be screened and monitored in children with SCT and could be an important target of preventive intervention.

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(Not) getting what you want: frustration and emotion regulation in children with sex chromosome trisomies

Kuiper

Swaab

Tartaglia

et al. 2023

Endocrine Connections

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The presence of an additional X or Y chromosome (sex chromosome trisomies, SCT) is associated with an increased risk for neurodevelopmental difficulties, including socio-emotional problems, across the life-span. Studying emotion regulation in young children with SCT could signal deviations in emotional development that serve as risk markers to guide clinical care. This study explored the presence and variety of emotion regulation strategies in 75 SCT children and 81 population-based controls, aged 1 to 7 years, during a frustration-inducing event in which physiological (heart rate) and observational data (behavioral responses) were collected. Children with SCT were equally physiologically aroused by the event as compared to controls. However, they showed more emotion regulation difficulties in terms of behavior compared to controls that was not explicable in terms of differences in general intellectual functioning. Specifically, they had a more limited range of behavioral alternatives and tended to rely longer on inefficient strategies with increasing age. The field of practice should be made aware of these early risk findings regarding emotion regulation in SCT, which may potentially lay at the foundation of later socio-emotional problems, given the significant impact of emotion regulation on child and adult mental health outcomes. The current results may help to design tailored interventions to reduce the impact of the additional sex chromosome on adaptive functioning, psychopathology, and quality of life.

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The developmental impact of sex chromosome trisomies on emerging executive functions in young children: Evidence from neurocognitive tests and daily life skills

Cited by 4 publications

References 74 publications

Effect of 11 Weeks of Physical Exercise on Physical Fitness and Executive Functions in Children

Effect of 11 Weeks of Physical Exercise on Physical Fitness and Executive Functions in Children

The developmental impact of sex chromosome trisomies on emerging executive functions in young children: Evidence from neurocognitive tests and daily life skills

(Not) getting what you want: frustration and emotion regulation in children with sex chromosome trisomies

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