The development of a vaccination model using two microorganisms and its application in leprosy and leishmaniasis

Convit, J; Ulrich, Marian; Aranzazu, Nacarid; Castellanos, Pedro Luis; Pinardi, M. E.; Reyes, O

doi:10.5935/0305-7518.19860080

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…2 represents the pattern of responsiveness to nc-bound antigens found in a total of three BT patients, BT no. 4 Two healthy, extensively M. leprae-exposed but in vitro sMlep-nonresponder individuals did not respond to any of the Mlepnc antigens. One of them was lepromin skin-tested and found negative.…”

Section: Cellular Responses To Bcgnc and Mlepnc Antigens In Bl-ll Patmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…leprae could induce strong M. leprae-directed T cell activity in vitro and in vivo in previously unexposed individuals [3]. Third, the immunotherapy of lepromatous leprosy patients with a mixture of M. leprae and Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) resulted in a marked clinical and immunological shift towards the tuberculoid pole of the disease spectrum as evidenced by newly acquired signs of T cell activity to M. leprue as well as a drastic reduction in the number of M. leprue bacilli in the lesions [4]. Finally, in experimental animal models, immunity against M .…”

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confidence: 99%

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T cell responses to fractionated Mycobacterium leprae antigens in leprosy. The lepromatous nonresponder defect can be overcome in vitro by stimulation with fractionated M. leprae components

et al. 1989

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Protective immunity against Mycobacterium leprae is dependent on M. leprae-reactive T lymphocytes. M. lepare-directed T cell reactivity is high in the localized tuberculoid form of leprosy but specifically absent in the disseminated lepromatous type of the disease. Two important questions that are relevant for the understanding of the immune response in leprosy as well as for the design of rational immunoprophylaxis and -therapy strategies are: (a) what are the antigens that trigger T cell responses in tuberculoid patients and thus protect these individuals from developing lepromatous leprosy and (b) is it possible to restore T cell responsiveness to M. leprae in lepromatous patients by rechallenging the immune system with selected antigens that will trigger help but not suppression? We have addressed these question by directly probing the peripheral T cell repertoire of 10 tuberculoid and 18 lepromatous patients with large numbers of different M. leprae and BCG antigenic components that had been separated on the basis of their relative molecular mass (Mr) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electroblotted onto nitrocellulose. This technique allows the identification of T cell-stimulating antigens independent of the expression of B cell epitopes by these antigens. So far T cell epitopes have only been mapped on M. leprae proteins that had previously been defined by antibodies. Our results show that: (a) tuberculoid patients' T cells responded preferentially to M. leprae and BCG antigens in the lower (i.e. less than 70 kDa) Mr range with a peak in the 10-25 kDa range; (b) 6 out of 18 lepromatous patients that did not respond to whole M. leprae responded strongly to isolated M. leprae components; antigens in the lower Mr. range were recognized by five out of these six patients and thus commonly seen by both tuberculoid and lepromatous patients' T cells; however, antigens in the higher Mr range, in particular greater than 150 kDa, were only recognized by lepromatous patients' T lymphocytes; (c) furthermore, the T and B cell repertoires in leprosy patients are skewed towards different antigenic fractions.

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Section: Cellular Responses To Bcgnc and Mlepnc Antigens In Bl-ll Patmentioning

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

T cell responses to fractionated Mycobacterium leprae antigens in leprosy. The lepromatous nonresponder defect can be overcome in vitro by stimulation with fractionated M. leprae components

et al. 1989

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“…6 The same model has enabled the study of vaccine development against leprosy and leishmaniasis. 7 Rifampicin and dapsone, the main chemotherapeutic agents against leprosy, are also effective against leishmaniasis. 8 It has been suggested that there is some experimental evidence of cross-protection between Mycobacterium and Leishmania as those infected with tuberculosis or vaccinated with bacille Calmette-Guérin showed an increased resistance to L. donovani.…”

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confidence: 99%

Postkala-azar dermal leishmaniasis coexisting with borderline tuberculoid leprosy

et al. 2007

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As in the study by Wiegell and Wulf, 1 at the 12th week follow-up no difference was noted in the noninflammatory lesions, whereas the count of inflammatory lesions had decreased on average by 66% (range 56-81%). All 16 patients completed the trial.To conclude, we believe that the use of MAL reduced to 4% concentration, together with application of low doses of light, may be useful for controlling the side-effects of PDT in acne and have the same efficacy as the higher concentration but with lower costs. Nevertheless, controlled studies are needed on a larger number of patients in order to determine the most effective therapy capable of balancing good efficacy with reduced side-effects. References1 Wiegell SR, Wulf HC. Photodynamic therapy of acne vulgaris using methyl aminolaevulinate: a blinded, randomized, controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 2006; 154:969-76. 2 Wiegell SR, Wulf HC. Photodynamic therapy of acne vulgaris using 5-aminolevulinic acid versus methyl aminolevulinate. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 54:647-51. 3 Borelli C, Merk K, Plewig G, Degitz K. Light, laser and PDT therapy for acne. Hautarzt 2005; 56:1027-32. 4 Itoh Y, Ninomiya Y, Tajima S, Ishibashi A. Photodynamic therapy of acne vulgaris with topical delta-aminolaevulinic acid and incoherent light in Japanese patients. Br J Dermatol 2001; 144:575-9.

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“…The serum tumour necrosis factor level does not correlate with the disease dissemination in either disease, 6 and interferon production has been found to be low in the lepromatous or anergic form of both conditions 7 . The same model has enabled the study of vaccine development against leprosy and leishmaniasis 8 . Rifampicin and dapsone, the main chemotherapeutic agents against leprosy, are also effective against leishmaniasis 9 …”

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confidence: 99%

“…Curiously, on the more affected leg the large anaesthetic patch was devoid of leishmanial nodules. This may not be coincidental; the dry and scaly tuberculoid patch may have failed to attract the sandfly vector of leishmaniasis, or there may have been insufficient inoculation of organisms due to loss of efficacy of maxadilan, a vasodilatory peptide, in the sandfly saliva 8 secondary to neural damage of the microvasculature in tuberculoid leprosy. The therapeutic response in our patient was good.…”

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confidence: 99%

Linear cutaneous leishmaniasis occurring on a leg affected by tuberculoid leprosy

et al. 2002

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The development of a vaccination model using two microorganisms and its application in leprosy and leishmaniasis

Cited by 17 publications

References 1 publication

T cell responses to fractionated Mycobacterium leprae antigens in leprosy. The lepromatous nonresponder defect can be overcome in vitro by stimulation with fractionated M. leprae components

T cell responses to fractionated Mycobacterium leprae antigens in leprosy. The lepromatous nonresponder defect can be overcome in vitro by stimulation with fractionated M. leprae components

Postkala-azar dermal leishmaniasis coexisting with borderline tuberculoid leprosy

Linear cutaneous leishmaniasis occurring on a leg affected by tuberculoid leprosy

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