The development and scalability of a high strength, damage tolerant, hybrid joining scheme for composite–metal structures

A review on direct assembly of through‐the‐thickness reinforced metal–polymer composite hybrid structures

“…These are the principles of hybrid penetrative reinforcement (HYPER) technology, patented by Airbus Operations Limited . Graham et al applied this idea to arrays of structured conical‐headed pins on 3‐mm thick stainless steel (316 L) substrates. After the AM process, the structured surface substrate was grit blasted with grade 60 to prepare it for the assembly phase .…”

“…Graham et al applied this idea to arrays of structured conical‐headed pins on 3‐mm thick stainless steel (316 L) substrates. After the AM process, the structured surface substrate was grit blasted with grade 60 to prepare it for the assembly phase . Parkes et al and Caspari et al used the same principles to structure Ti‐6Al‐4 V substrates and improve the mechanical performance of titanium/carbon‐fiber reinforced hybrid joints .…”

The effect of composite orientation on the mechanical properties of hybrid joints strengthened by surfi-sculpt

“…According to the comparison between joint L2 and reference joint (both of them have the same composite adherend design), surfi-sculpt can delay the onset of bond-line delamination, which is also observed in the research of similar hybrid joining schemes [5,7]. The reason is the surfi-sculpts are only 3 mm far to the metal end and relieve the stress intensity in the bond-line near metal end.…”

“…In this work, electron beam surfi-sculpt (EBS) makes protrusions on metal adherends through multiple relative movement between electron beam and the metal surface [1, 2] and form surfi-sculpts using the material of metal adherends, which is more flexible than other technologies, such as cold metal transfer (CMT) [3] and additive layer manufacture (ALM) [4]. Although limited researches on this joining technology have been reported on the field of mechanical properties and damage tolerance [3,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], there is no study in the effect of composite design on joints' mechanical properties.…”

Fatigue behaviour of composite–composite joints reinforced with cold metal transfer welded pins

“…Moreover, metals allow to form pin shapes that are beneficial for the through-thethickness reinforcement, because they allow form-fit connections. While there is only limited literature available concerning the use of shaped metallic pins as joining reinforcement for CFRP to CFRP joints [16][17][18][19], there is additional literature available concerning joining reinforcements for metal to CFRP joints [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. The main focus of these studies was the performance of the joints under monotonic loads.…”