The densities of calbindin and parvalbumin, but not calretinin neurons, are sexually dimorphic in the amygdala of the guinea pig

Równiak, Maciej; Bogus‐Nowakowska, Krystyna; Robak, Anna

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2015.01.048

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…Such inhibition is considered to control the output, most notably the synchrony of action potentials of large principal cell populations (Cobb et al 1995 ; Miles et al 1996 ). Taking into account that many PV+ neurons in the amygdala co-express ERβ (present results, and Blurton-Jones and Tuszynski 2002 ), and that the numbers of these cells in various amygdaloid nuclei are sexually dimorphic (Równiak et al 2015 ; Stefanova et al 1997 ), the mechanism described above may be strongly modulated by circulating steroid hormones and sex-specific. CB+ neurons perform a dual role in the intrinsic inhibitory mechanism of the amygdala.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…The control of inhibitory tone may be a mechanism whereby oestrogen and androgen modulate amygdalar processing in a sex-specific manner. Moreover, as the numbers of CB+, PV+ and CR+ neurons (Równiak et al 2015 ) and the numbers of such cells co-expressing steroid receptors (present results) are sexually dimorphic in various nuclei of the guinea pig amygdala, sensitivity to sex hormones and their impact on many regions may substantially differ in male and female subjects. Thus, GABA+ neurons co-expressing CB+, PV+ or CR+ provide a precisely designed inhibitory interface which is steroid-sensitive and sexually dimorphic.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…The position of the various nuclei in the guinea pig amygdala as well as the distributions of CB+, PV+ and CR+ neurons in this region were precisely described in both sexes in our previous reports concerned with sex differences existing in this species (Równiak 2013 ; Równiak et al 2015 ). The distribution pattern of SOM+ neurons in the guinea pig amygdala was very similar to that described in the rat (McDonald 1989 ) and pig (Równiak et al 2008 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…In contrast, schizophrenia, autism and drug addiction, also associated with abnormalities in the functioning of the amygdala, are quoted more frequently in men than in women (Swaab et al 2003 ). It is worth mentioning that various aspects of amygdala anatomy are sexually dimorphic (Morris et al 2008 ; Równiak 2013 ; Równiak et al 2015 ; Segovia et al 2006 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The neurons expressing calcium-binding proteins in the amygdala of the guinea pig: precisely designed interface for sex hormones

Równiak

2017

Brain Struct Funct

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The generation of emotional responses by the amygdala is determined largely by the balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to its principal neurons. These responses are often sex-specific, and any imbalance in excitatory and/or inhibitory tones leads to serious psychiatric disorders which occur with different rates in men versus women. To investigate the neural basis of sex-specific processing in the amygdala, relationships between the neurons expressing calbindin (CB), parvalbumin (PV) and calretinin (CR), which form in the amygdala main subsets of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic inhibitory system, and neurons endowed with oestrogen alpha (ERα), oestrogen beta (ERβ) or androgen (AR) receptors were analysed using double immunohistochemistry in male and female guinea pig subjects. The results show that in various nuclei of the amygdala in both sexes small subsets of CB neurons and substantial proportions of PV neurons co-express ERβ, while many of the CR neurons co-express ERα. Both these oestrogen-sensitive populations are strictly separated as CB and PV neurons almost never co-express ERα, while CR cells are usually devoid of ERβ. In addition, in the medial nucleus and some other neighbouring regions, there are non-overlapping subpopulations of CB and CR neurons which co-express AR. In conclusion, the localization of ERα, ERβ or AR within subsets of GABAergic interneurons across diverse amygdaloid regions suggests that steroid hormones may exert a significant influence over local neuronal activity by directly modulating inhibitory tone. The control of inhibitory tone may be one of the mechanisms whereby oestrogen and androgen could modulate amygdala processing in a sex-specific manner. Another mechanism may be thorough steroid-sensitive projection neurons, which are most probably located in the medial and central nuclei.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The neurons expressing calcium-binding proteins in the amygdala of the guinea pig: precisely designed interface for sex hormones

Równiak

2017

Brain Struct Funct

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“…The effects on PV are regionally dependent and hormone-specific (Sotonyi et al, 2010). By adulthood, females have more PV neurons in the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex than males (Rowniak et al, 2015; Wischhof et al, 2015). ERβ receptors co-localize exclusively on PV neurons in layer V in PFC (Blurton-Jones and Tuszynski, 2002; Kritzer, 2002), with less expression of ERα on BDNF containing neurons (Blurton-Jones and Tuszynski, 2006).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Sensitive Periods Of Stress Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Stress, sensitive periods, and substance abuse

Andersen

2019

Neurobiology of Stress

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Research on the inter-relationship between drug abuse and social stress has primarily focused on the role of stress exposure during adulthood and more recently, adolescence. Adolescence is a time of heightened reward sensitivity, but it is also a time when earlier life experiences are expressed. Exposure to stress early in postnatal life is associated with an accelerated age of onset for drug use. Lifelong addiction is significantly greater if drug use is initiated during early adolescence. Understanding how developmental changes following stress exposure interact with sensitive periods to unfold over the course of maturation is integral to reducing their later impact on substance use. Arousal levels, gender/sex, inflammation, and the timing of stress exposure play a role in the vulnerability of these circuits. The current review focuses on how early postnatal stress impacts brain development during a sensitive period to increase externalizing and internalizing behaviors in adolescence that include social interactions (aggression; sexual activity), working memory impairment, and depression. How stress effects the developmental trajectories of brain circuits that are associated with addiction are discussed for both clinical and preclinical studies.

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Ontogeny of Neurons Containing Calcium‐Binding Proteins in the Preoptic Area of the Guinea Pig: Sexually Dimorphic Development of Calbindin

Bogus‐Nowakowska

2019

Developmental Neurobiology

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This study characterizes for the first time the distribution and coexistence patterns of calbindin (CB), calretinin (CR), and parvalbumin (PV) in the female and male guinea pig preoptic area (POA) during brain development, using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real‐time PCR techniques. The results show that the prenatal development of the guinea pig POA takes place in elevated levels of CB and CR immunoreactivity with the peak at embryonic day 50 (E50) and generally in newborns both these proteins reach an adult‐like pattern of immunoreactivity, contrary to PV which appears later, peaks at postnatal day (PND) 10 (P10), and stabilizes at P20. CB and CR have also overlapping distributions which differed from that of PV, and much higher expressions at mRNA and protein levels. However, CB‐positive (+), CR+ and PV+ neurons create in the guinea pig POA separate populations as CB and CR coexisted only in a small number of neurons and CB+ cells never coexpressed PV. Moreover, the density of CB+ neurons, contrary to CR+ and PV+ cells, is sexually dimorphic favoring males at all the examined stages. In conclusion, elevated levels of CR and CB at the time of intense cell migration, differentiation, myelination, and synaptogenesis in the guinea pig brain suggest that these proteins may be engaged in similar processes in the POA, while late onset of PV may be rather linked with POA maturation. As the population of CB+ cells in the POA is very large, its dimorphic development may have huge impact on the sexual differentiation of this brain region.

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The densities of calbindin and parvalbumin, but not calretinin neurons, are sexually dimorphic in the amygdala of the guinea pig

Cited by 19 publications

References 78 publications

The neurons expressing calcium-binding proteins in the amygdala of the guinea pig: precisely designed interface for sex hormones

The neurons expressing calcium-binding proteins in the amygdala of the guinea pig: precisely designed interface for sex hormones

Stress, sensitive periods, and substance abuse

Ontogeny of Neurons Containing Calcium‐Binding Proteins in the Preoptic Area of the Guinea Pig: Sexually Dimorphic Development of Calbindin

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