The Danish PET/depression project: poor verbal fluency performance despite normal prefrontal activation in patients with major depression

Videbech, Poul; Ravnkilde, Barbara; Kristensen, Salomeh; Egander, A.; Clemmensen, Karin; Rasmussen, N. A.; Gjedde, Albert; Rosenberg, Raben

doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(03)00002-7

Cited by 43 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…This means that cognitive functions related to the LFT show an earlier decline. This finding coincides with findings from a variety of other cultural-linguistic backgrounds, e.g., English, Chinese, Danish, Indonesian, Norwegian, Swedish, Italian, French, German, Spanish and Portuguese [4,19,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Sex Difference in Cognitive Aging for Letter Fluency and Semantic Fluency

Hatta¹

2014

J Women's Health Care

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This study examined the sex difference in cognitive aging for verbal abilities. To examine developmental changes on Letter Fluency (LFT) and Semantic Fluency (SFT) tests, healthy 224 women and 139 men over 40 years old participated in this study. The results showed that performance of both sex in the 40's and 50's remained at the same level, but the performance declining for the LFT and the SFT after the 70's were not parallel. For the LFT, men showed a steep decline from 50's to 70's, whereas women showed a gradual decline from 50's to 80's. For the SFT, men showed a sharp decline from 50's to 70's and remained at a similar level after the 70's, whereas women did not show a steep performance decline from their 50's to 70's and their performance level in 70's was the same as in 80's.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Sex Difference in Cognitive Aging for Letter Fluency and Semantic Fluency

Hatta¹

2014

J Women's Health Care

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“…Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), VF tasks activate predominantly left-sided areas including the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) (Broca's area), premotor and medial supplementary motor areas, dorsal ACC, anterior insula, temporal and parietal cortices, caudate nucleus and hippocampus, the last particularly in semantic tasks requiring associative memory. [65][66][67] In patients with depression, decreased responses have been found in the left lateral prefrontal cortex compared with control subjects in some studies using fMRI or single-photon emission tomography, 68,69 with another study finding no difference 70 and a further study reporting decreased responses only with recurrent, but not first-episode, depression. 71 Most studies also showed concurrent impaired performance.…”

Section: Assessment Of Frontal Cortex Function: the Use Of Near Inframentioning

confidence: 98%

“…71 Most studies also showed concurrent impaired performance. [68][69][70] Tests of WM, such as the n-back task, activate a network used in maintaining task-relevant information during a delay, involving rehearsal and goal-directed attention. This network includes the dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, premotor area, dorsal ACC, parietal and temporal cortices and cerebellum.…”

Section: Assessment Of Frontal Cortex Function: the Use Of Near Inframentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomised controlled trial of ketamine augmentation of electroconvulsive therapy to improve neuropsychological and clinical outcomes in depression (Ketamine-ECT study)

et al. 2017

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BackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective acute treatment for severe depression, but there are concerns about its adverse cognitive effects. ECT may impair cognition through stimulation of glutamate receptors, and preliminary evidence has suggested that ketamine, a glutamate antagonist, may alleviate these effects. Ketamine has been shown to have a rapid, but temporary, antidepressant effect after a single infusion.ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy and safety of adjunctive low-dose ketamine to reduce cognitive impairments caused by ECT and, secondarily, to improve symptomatic outcome.DesignMulticentre, two-arm, parallel-group, patient-randomised, placebo-controlled superiority trial.SettingEleven ECT suites based in seven NHS trusts in the north of England.ParticipantsSeverely depressed hospitalised patients or outpatients who received ECT as part of their usual clinical care.InterventionsPatients were randomised to ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) or saline as an adjunct to their anaesthetic for their ECT course in a 1 : 1 ratio.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was delayed verbal recall on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Task – Revised (HVLT-R) after four ECT treatments (mid-ECT), analysed using a Gaussian repeated measures model. Secondary outcomes included autobiographical, working and visual memory and verbal fluency, symptoms and quality of life; assessments occurred at mid-ECT, end of treatment and 1 and 4 months after the last ECT. Neuropsychological function was compared with that of healthy control subjects and a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) substudy investigated prefrontal cortex function. A patient survey of study participation was carried out.ResultsSeventy-nine severely depressed patients were randomised to ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) or saline as an adjunct to their anaesthetic for their ECT course; the modified intention-to-treat sample included 70 patients. Compared with saline, adjunctive ketamine had no significant effect on HVLT-R delayed recall [treatment effect difference –0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) –1.73 to 0.87], other neuropsychological outcomes, improvement in depression [difference in Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score of 0.44, 95% CI –1.03 to 1.91], the number of ECT treatments to remission (MADRS score of ≤ 10: 0.83, 95% CI –3.2 to 4.9), anxiety symptoms or quality of life. By the end of ECT treatment, 37% (saline 35%, ketamine 39%) of patients had remitted. Tolerability was similar in the two treatment arms; two patients had isolated transient psychological effects attributable to ketamine. Preliminary fNIRS analysis found that patients had blunted prefrontal cortical haemodynamic responses compared with control subjects during a verbal fluency task at baseline; this was further diminished at mid-ECT without modulation by ketamine. Greater haemodynamic responsivity to ECT appeared to be associated with a better clinical response. The majority of patients surveyed reported a positive experience of study participation.ConclusionsThe results of the study do not support the use of adjunctive ketamine in routine ECT treatment in the NHS. Although no evidence of benefit was found for ketamine, moderate benefits or harms cannot be excluded, as recruitment was < 50% of that planned, limiting the power of the clinical trial. Low numbers also meant that in the fNIRS substudy the effect of ketamine could not be assessed and the other findings must be viewed as preliminary. Included patients were younger than those not included and had only limited cognitive impairment with ECT, limiting generalisation to more cognitively compromised patients. fNIRS appeared to be a potentially feasible portable brain imaging technology in severely ill patients and further research is warranted to investigate its clinical utility.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN14689382.FundingThis project was funded by the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation programme, a Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health Research partnership.

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“…Automatic processing abilities remain largely intact. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] The adolescents may be aware of the potential health complications from poor adherence but have difficulty maintaining their regimen because they are apprehensive about being singled out by others. 37,38 Other research has found negative attributions (e.g.…”

Section: Diabetes and Its Effect On The Youngstersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of phsychological well-being and prevalence of depressive symptoms amoung young adults with type-1 diabetes mellitus

Jacob

Deodhar

2017

Int J Res Med Sci

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Background: Depression in adolescents and young adults with type-1 diabetes mellitus has been associated with poor glycemic control and recurrent hospitalizations. The World Health Organization-Five Well- being index (WHO-5) is a simple, short and positively worded screening method to assess the level of emotional well-being and has been validated for use in adolescents with type-1 diabetes mellitus. Aims and objectives to assess the psychological well-being in adolescents and young adults with type-1 diabetes mellitus using the WHO-5 well-being index. To estimate the prevalence of symptoms of depression in type-1 diabetes mellitus using the major (ICD-10) depression inventory (MDI-ICD-10) of the psychiatric research unit.Methods: Study was a prospective study. Cases were patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus who attended the “Juvenile Diabetic Club” in CMC Ludhiana consisting of children and adolescents. Controls were healthy age matched adolescents within the family of the patients. Informed consent was taken, and they were asked to fill up the structured WHO-5 Well-being index (version 1998) questionnaire and the WHO-Major (ICD-10) Depression Inventory (MDI-ICD-10) questionnaire.Results: 36 patients were chosen for the study. There were 20 boys and 16 girls. 12 (33.3%) patients (diabetic group) had scores indicating poor well- being. P value is 0.0455, statistically significant. Among the healthy control (non- diabetic group), all of them had a scores suggesting good well- being.Conclusions: 33% of the diabetic children are depressed compared to the non-diabetic candidates in whom none are depressed.

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The Danish PET/depression project: poor verbal fluency performance despite normal prefrontal activation in patients with major depression

Cited by 43 publications

References 66 publications

Sex Difference in Cognitive Aging for Letter Fluency and Semantic Fluency

Sex Difference in Cognitive Aging for Letter Fluency and Semantic Fluency

Randomised controlled trial of ketamine augmentation of electroconvulsive therapy to improve neuropsychological and clinical outcomes in depression (Ketamine-ECT study)

Assessment of phsychological well-being and prevalence of depressive symptoms amoung young adults with type-1 diabetes mellitus

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