Assessment of phsychological well-being and prevalence of depressive symptoms amoung young adults with type-1 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background: Depression in adolescents and young adults with type-1 diabetes mellitus has been associated with poor glycemic control and recurrent hospitalizations. The World Health Organization-Five Well- being index (WHO-5) is a simple, short and positively worded screening method to assess the level of emotional well-being and has been validated for use in adolescents with type-1 diabetes mellitus. Aims and objectives to assess the psychological well-being in adolescents and young adults with type-1 diabetes mellitus using the WHO-5 well-being index. To estimate the prevalence of symptoms of depression in type-1 diabetes mellitus using the major (ICD-10) depression inventory (MDI-ICD-10) of the psychiatric research unit.Methods: Study was a prospective study. Cases were patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus who attended the “Juvenile Diabetic Club” in CMC Ludhiana consisting of children and adolescents. Controls were healthy age matched adolescents within the family of the patients. Informed consent was taken, and they were asked to fill up the structured WHO-5 Well-being index (version 1998) questionnaire and the WHO-Major (ICD-10) Depression Inventory (MDI-ICD-10) questionnaire.Results: 36 patients were chosen for the study. There were 20 boys and 16 girls. 12 (33.3%) patients (diabetic group) had scores indicating poor well- being. P value is 0.0455, statistically significant. Among the healthy control (non- diabetic group), all of them had a scores suggesting good well- being.Conclusions: 33% of the diabetic children are depressed compared to the non-diabetic candidates in whom none are depressed.

Questionnaire on adaptation to type 1 diabetes among children and its relationship to psychological disorders

“…The next step was to analyse the relationship between the adaptive response to the illness and emotional distress. As expected, and according to the existing literature 11 - 13 ), the results show that adaptation to the disease is negatively and significantly related to emotional distress, that is to say adaptation to diabetes has an inverse influence on symptoms of anxiety and depression, especially in the case of depression, where adaptation to the disease has greater predictive power. In this sense, the better the adaptation to diabetes the less likely the patient is to experience negative emotional symptoms.…”

“…With regard to the emotional impact of type 1 diabetes on patients, it was observed that 24.5% have difficulties in adapting to the disease, which can cause low treatment adherence and emotional problems related to the adjustment to the disease 10 - 11 ). These results are in line with studies that show that poor adjustment rates cause an increase in medical complications and create barriers to treatment adherence 5 , 14 - 16 , which ultimately leads to a deterioration in the patient’s condition 17 .…”

“…In this sense, psychological factors have been proved to play an important role in disease adaptation among children with type 1 diabetes 10 . In this respect, it is common for type 1 diabetes to have emotional impacts, notably depression and anxiety disorders 11 - 12 , particularly among adolescents 13 .…”

“…Likewise, studies have shown that sociodemographic variables such as age and sex may influence adjustment 11 , 20 . In this sense, emotional impacts seem to be more pronounced among girls 20 - 21 ; however, the association between age and emotional impacts during childhood and adolescence is less clear 22 - 23 .…”

“…In this sense, emotional impacts seem to be more pronounced among girls 20 - 21 ; however, the association between age and emotional impacts during childhood and adolescence is less clear 22 - 23 . In this respect, studies 22 indicate that risk is greater between the ages of 10 and 13 years, while others 11 , 23 suggest that impacts increase with age.…”