The cytotoxic and oxidative effects of restorative materials in cultured human gingival fibroblasts

In Vitro Evaluation of the Biological Effects of ACTIVA Kids BioACTIVE Restorative, Ionolux, and Riva Light Cure on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells

“…The cytotoxicity of glass ionomers has been observed previously with several cell types such as primary human gingival fibroblasts [19], cells of the human periodontal ligament [20], osteoblast cells [13], L929 fibroblasts [21], and now hDPSCs as used in this study. A previous study detected that the cytotoxicity of some glass ionomers occurs in the organization of the F-actin cytoskeleton, which controls cell-surface motions and is essential to proliferation and differentiation [22].…”

The Effect of Selected Dental Materials Used in Conservative Dentistry, Endodontics, Surgery, and Orthodontics as Well as during the Periodontal Treatment on the Redox Balance in the Oral Cavity

“…In the study of Celik et al [ 19 ] amalgam exhibited cytotoxic effect toward the HGF cell line, resulting in higher cell mortality and significantly higher total oxidant status (TOS) in freshly prepared samples compared to samples taken after 7 and 21 days. According to these authors, the decrease in cytotoxicity and TOS over time was caused by a considerable drop in the release of metal ions as the material hardened.…”

“…Little is known about glass- ionomer-induced oxidative stress. It was demonstrated that metal ions released from glass- ionomer fillings are not toxic to cells and do not induce ROS formation, whereas polyacrylic acid [ 19 ] and fluorine ions released during the first phase of GI filling [ 19 , 78 ] have cytotoxic effects. During the first seven days, ROS production enhances, increasing TAC levels.…”

“…During the first seven days, ROS production enhances, increasing TAC levels. The observed increase in TAC is an adaptive reaction of the cells that effectively prevents OS development, shifting the redox balance towards antioxidant reactions [ 19 ]. After 21 days, the level of TAC in the cell culture exposed to glass-ionomer filling did not differ from the control culture level, which most likely indicated that glass-ionomer filling was no longer cytotoxic to cells, and it was a sign of achieving redox balance.…”

“…Ramezani et al [ 20 ] showed that dental resin composites significantly enhanced total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in saliva, as TAC level was higher than that of amalgam fillings [ 31 ]. Celik et al [ 19 ] obtained increased TAC in gingival fibroblasts (HGFCs) after 7 days of exposure to dental resin composites as well as weakening of the antioxidant barrier on day 21, which was caused by a rapid boost of ROS production from unbound and non-polymerized monomers. The level of HEMA higher than 5 mM enhances ROS production to such an extent that we can observe the occurrence of ROS-induced gene expression disorders associated with inflammation (NF- κB, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (COL1A, COL4A, metalloproteinase 9—MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1—TIMP1) [ 19 ].…”