The crystal structure of the molecular complex between antimony trichloride and phenanthrene

π-Complexation of Post-Transition Metals by Neutral Aromatic Hydrocarbons: The Road from Observations in the 19th Century to New Aspects of Supramolecular Chemistry

“…In contrast, the structure of the 2:1 complex of SbCl 3 with phenanthrene, (SbCl 3 ) 2 ·(phenanthrene), has both SbCl 3 molecules on the same side of the hydrocarbon plane with two different Sb−plane distances of 2.94 and 3.27 Å ( 48 ). In the same decade, the structures of the first 1:1 and 2:1 complexes of SbCl 3 with a monocyclic arene were reported by Hulme and Mullen: in (SbCl 3 )·( p -xylene) and (SbCl 3 ) 2 ·( p -xylene), the Sb atom(s) are located strongly off-centered above (and below) the xylene ring at a distance of ca. 3.1 Å in what may be called an η 1 bonding to the carbon atom(s) bearing the methyl group(s) .…”

“…The 2:1 complexes of SbCl 3 with naphthalene and phenanthrene and of SbBr 3 with pyrene have already been introduced as subjects of some of the early structure determinations. These studies were complemented by work on the 2:1 complexes of SbBr 3 with phenanthrene and of SbCl 3 with pyrene .…”

“…Introduction of halogen substituents at the Sb atom obviously leads to improved donor−acceptor interactions between compounds Ar n SbX 3− n with Ar = aryl and X = F−I. While in fluorides such as Ph 2 SbF the formation of strong Sb−F−Sb bridges is the dominant motif of assembly which appears to prevent Sb−aryl π interactions, Ph 2 SbCl was found to be associated also via contacts of the Sb atom with a π system of a neighboring molecule …”

Two novel trimethylsulfonium salts with polymeric {[SbCl4]−}nor {[CdCl3]−}nanions

“…dinative SbÁ Á ÁCl contacts are shorter than 3.457 (1) Å ; thus, an almost undistorted SbCl 3 molecule is observed, with bond lengths between 2.340 (2) and 2.368 (1) Å (Lipka, 1979). Almost undistorted SbCl 3 subunits are also observed in many other SbCl 3 adducts (Demaldé et al, 1972;Lipka & Mootz, 1978). The Sb-Cl distances of (I) are very different, unlike those in Cd complexes such as the structure reported by Corradi et al (1997), and this may be induced by the difference in valence electron count.…”

Antimony trichloride 1:1 complexes with terephthaldehyde and p-diacetylbenzene

“…The detailed crystal structures of several adducts have been determined. These include 2-1 adducts with naphthalene (Hulme & Szymanski, 1969) and phenanthrene (Demald6, Mangia, NardeUi, Pelizzi & Tani, 1972) and a 1:1 adduct with aniline (Hulme & Scruton, 1968). Antimony trichloride itself has a pyramidal structure both in the crystal (Lindquist & Niggli, 1956) and in the gas phase observed by electron diffraction (Allen & Sutton, 1950) or microwave spectroscopy (Kisliuk, 1954).…”