The Correlation of Serum Immunoglobulin Free Light Chain Levels and Selected Biological Markers in Multiple Myeloma

Abstract

Aims: the presented study is aimed at the evaluation of correlation of free light chains serum levels -kappa, lambda and their relation (K/L ratio) and serum levels of selected biological markers in a group of patients with multiple myeloma examined at the time of the diagnosis.Methods: 102 patients with multiple myeloma were included in this prospective study. Free light chains serum levels were determined by Freelite TM Binding Site system, for determination of serum levels of selected parameters the following methods were used: REA thymidinekinase (TK), RIA (β 2 microglobulin (β 2 m), ICTP, PINP), enzymoimmunoassay (sIL-6R, sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, sOPG) and quantitative enzymatic immunoassay (sHGF, sVEGF, sSyndecan-1 (sSyn-1) a sFas).Results: There was found a correlation in the kappa-group of the dominant kappa chain and serum readings of β 2 m (r = 0.344, p = 0. Conclusions: The study confi rmed mutual correlation of FLC serum levels and the levels of several selected biological markers, in particular β 2 m, TK, ICTP, PINP, sSyn-1 a sFas at time of the diagnosis. It referred to the mutual relation of bone marrow microenvironment, biological qualities of clonal plasmocytes and the intensity of the free light chains production by the tumour cell population.

Significance of Proliferation Markers and Prognostic Factors in Egyptian Patients with Multiple Myeloma

“…It was significantly higher with advanced stage (P<0.001). It seems that β2m has a negative impact on the patients' outcome as it reflects the tumor burden and increases in case of renal insufficiency (Pika et al, 2008). Some Bence Jones MM (BJMM) cases are associated with a-more rapid onset of tubular and glomerular damage (Solomon, 1986) resulting in a reduced glomerular filtration rate and diminished clearance of β2m.…”

Quantification of peptides from immunoglobulin constant and variable regions by LC‐MRM MS for assessment of multiple myeloma patients

“…IgD and IgE), particularly because the background expression of these Igs is low. Serum free light chain (SFLC) assays are also implemented using nephelometry to provide an expression ratio between the light chains, which supplements other techniques for the detection of light chain only disease [18][19][20]. Antibody-based methods for protein quantification are also influenced by the complexity of the Ig system of the biologically derived antiserum and variation in its reactivity, as well as changes in the levels of proteins in the standard reagents (typically pooled serum) [21].…”

Bone metabolism parameters and their relation to cytogenetics in multiple myeloma

“…There are several factors that take part in bone mineral turnover, that have been identified to be altered in MBD. Mostly, these factors are associated with the increase of osteoresorption, such as the pathway of receptor‐activated nuclear factor–κB (RANK) and its ligand RANKL, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP‐1α), and others such as Activin A, Annexin A2 and Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) that are being constantly elevated in patients with active MM 5–8 . Eventually, specific molecules were identified that are suppressed in MM within the pathways that are responsible for the reparation of the bone, such as the Wingless signaling pathway (Wnt), secreted frizzled related proteins (sFRP), runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and some others 9–11 …”

“…Mostly, these factors are associated with the increase of osteoresorption, such as the pathway of receptor-activated nuclear factor-κB (RANK) and its ligand RANKL, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1α), and others such as Activin A, Annexin A2 and Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) that are being constantly elevated in patients with active MM. [5][6][7][8] Eventually, specific molecules were identified that are suppressed in MM within the pathways that are responsible for the reparation of the bone, such as the Wingless signaling pathway (Wnt), secreted frizzled related proteins (sFRP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and some others. [9][10][11] Historical gold standard in MBD imaging was conventional radiography (X-ray), newer techniques include whole body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MR), low-dose computed tomography (LD-CT) or positron emission computed tomography (positron emission tomography/computed tomography, PET/CT).…”