Significance of Proliferation Markers and Prognostic Factors in Egyptian Patients with Multiple Myeloma

Abstract

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is influenced by genetic and micro-environmental changes. Malignant plasma cells produce an abnormal monoclonal immunoglobulin, as well as cytokines, such as IL-10 and IL-6 which stimulate cells of the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) and cause dysfunction and failure of many organs. B cell activating factor (BAFF), IL6 and IL10 are known to influence the growth and survival of malignant clones. Aim: The objectives of the present study were to investigate the circulating levels of BAFF , IL-10 and IL-6, correlate them with well-known parameters of disease activity in patients with MM, and to detect their impact on patients' survival. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 89 newly diagnosed MM patients and seventy apparently healthy volunteers as a normal control group. BAFF, IL6, IL10 were measured by ELISA for both groups and survival analysis was performed for all patients. Results: Studied markers were higher in the MM patients compared to the normal control subjects. Patients survival was improved by high serum BAFF levels. Conclusions: High levels of BAFF were found to improve patients' survival. BAFF and IL-6 can be considered probable diagnostic markers for MM.

Comparison of two melphalan protocols and evaluation of outcome and prognostic factors in multiple myeloma in dogs

“…Similarly, we identified an association between increased NLR and shorter OST, PFS, DFI, and SFR in dogs. In neoplastic processes such as MM, an increased NLR may reflect a decreased antitumor immune response by lymphocytes with concurrent protumor activity by neutrophils, particularly an IL‐6‐mediated neutrophilia …”

“…In neoplastic processes such as MM, an increased NLR may reflect a decreased antitumor immune response by lymphocytes with concurrent protumor activity by neutrophils, particularly an IL-6-mediated neutrophilia. 12,24,[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57] Abdominal ultrasonography with fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of intra-abdominal organs was performed in the majority of dogs in our study. This diagnostic combination helped confirm the diagnosis of MM in 11 dogs that had either a normal BMA result or no BMA performed, and provided additional staging information in 6…”

The Prognostic Significance of Neutrophil‐to‐Lymphocyte and Platelet‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratios in Patients With Multiple Myeloma

“…The second hypothesis is IL‐6‐mediated neutrophil response. Apart from producing monoclonal protein, malignant plasma cell can also produce chemokines such as IL‐6 . This chemokine can regulate and stimulate neutrophil recruitment process, including mobilization from the bone marrow, rolling along and attaching to endothelial cells, and transmigration through cell membranes .…”

Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Equilibrium, Proliferative and Antiproliferative Balance: The Role of Cytokines in Multiple Myeloma

“…These contradictory data may be due to the diverse ethnic population evaluated, or to diverse types of treatments. Because BAFF controls and increases adaptive and innate immunity, it may cause improved survival in MM subjects [ 187 ]. BAFF has also been recognized as one of the principal survival factors for normal plasma cells such as MM cells.…”