The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale as a Positive Psychology Measure for People With Spinal Cord Injuries

Abstract

personal growth. Instead of focusing on negative human features, positive psychology promotes value changes toward meaningfulness of life; and for individuals with disabilities, positive psychology includes the meaningfulness of the disability I n recent years, there is a movement in psychology to study human strengths and those qualities that promote health and subjective well-being (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000). The scholarly work of positive psychology researchers can augment rehabilitation counseling research, and findings in positive psychology can be incorporated into the human strengths approach of rehabilitation counseling practice. According to Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi (2000), positive psychology is the study of character strengths and virtues of individuals. It is predicated on the assumption that individuals innately have positive psychological traits and have the desire to continuously improve their lives in accordance with their potentials for optimalThe main objective of this study is to evaluate the measurement structure of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) as a positive psychology measure for people with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) using confirmatory factor analysis. The participants consisted of 274 Canadians with SCI living in the community. The result indicated that the 5-factor intercorrelated model fits the data reasonably well (x 2 5 635.20; p value , .001; x 2 /df 5 2.40; CFI 5 .90; RMSEA 5 0.07). These 5 factors (personal competence, high standards, and tenacity; trust in one's instincts, tolerance of negative affect, and strengthening effects of stress; positive acceptance of change and secure relationships; control; and spiritual influence) correlated positively with disability acceptance and happiness, and inversely related to depression. The reliability of the 5 subscales was good ranging from .65 to .92. In conclusion, the results of this study confirmed that the 5-factor structure of the CD-RISC observed in the general population can be replicated in a sample of Canadians with SCI. This resilience scale can be used as a positive psychology measure in rehabilitation counseling research and practice.

Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor y Davidson (CD-RISC) en población española.

“…However, despite there being a great number of studies on the psychometric properties of the CD-RISC, there is still a great lack of consensus on the internal structure of the scale, since most studies in the literature reveal different factorial structures. Empirical evidence has supported the onedimensional model (Arias-Gonzalez, Crespo-Sierra, Arias-Martinez, Martinez-Molina & Ponce, 2015;Burns and Anstey, 2010;Campbell-Sills & Stein, 2007;Gucciardi, Jackson, Coulter & Mallett, 2011;Notario-Pacheco et al, 2011;Ponce-Cisternas, 2015;Sarubin et al, 2015), the twodimensional model (Fu, Leoutsakos & Underwood, 2013;Green et al, 2014;Jorgensen & Seedat, 2008;Perera & Ganguly, 2016), the three-dimensional model (Karairmak, 2010;Mealer, Schmiege & Meek 2016;Menezes de Lucena et al, 2006;Serrano-Parra et al, 2012;Xie, Peng, Zuo & Li, 2016;Yu & Zhang, 2007), the four-dimensional model (Crespo et al, 2014;Khoshouei, 2009;Lamond et al, 2008;Singh & Yu, 2010;Solano et al, 2016), the five-dimensional model (Fujikawa et al, 2013;Gillespie, Chaboyer, Wallis & Grimbeek, 2007;Jung et al, 2012;Manzano-García & Ayala-Calvo, 2013) and the second-order model (Yu et al, 2011). According to the above list, one could believe that the CD-RISC presents a different factorial configuration between studies, countries or sample types and therefore it would lead one to further believe that, in each case, one is measuring different constructs.…”

Psychometric Validation of the Brief Resilience Scale in a Sample of Vocational Rehabilitation Consumers

“…Rehabilitation counseling incorporates many aspects of positive psychology, including the focus on human strengths, health, and subjective well-being, in its professional practice knowledge base (Chou, Chan, Phillips, & Chan, 2013; Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000). Resilience, a major construct in positive psychology, has received increased attention in rehabilitation counseling research as empirical support for the association between resilience and psychosocial adjustment, especially for individuals with traumatic disabilities, has been demonstrated (Catalano, Chan, Wilson, Chiu, & Muller, 2011; Chou, Lee, Catalano, Ditchman, & Wilson, 2009; Fujikawa et al, 2013).…”

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) as a community participation model for people with multiple sclerosis: A hierarchical regression analysis

“…Resilience describes a process of overcoming and adapting to significant life stressors, a topic that has received considerable attention in the rehabilitation literature (Catalano et al, 2011;Moser et al, 2020;Todd & Worell, 2000). How individuals utilize behavioral and psychological resources to positively adapt to the onset of a disability has important implications in understanding ways to improve community participation and quality of life (Fujikawa et al, 2013). Resilience has received limited attention by MS researchers.…”