The Concept of Modern Dutch Colonial Architecture to the Development of Javanese Architecture

Abstract

Modern architecture colonial present in the early 20th century, when several Dutch graduate architects had begun profession in the Dutch East Indies. The architects of had understood that the development of modern architecture in the East Indies must include the local environment and climate aspects of traditional architecture that has existed in the Dutch East Indies. In this case, two famous architects, the Thomas Karsten and Henri Maclaine Pont, became a pioneers in this movement. The concept of the modern architecture development base on the Java architecture has been carried out by Thomas Karsten with several his works such as office buildings, hospitals, markets, and schools. The potential of traditional Javanese architecture in terms of shape, material and solving the problems of the tropical climate conditions, aims to achieve comfort in the building the use of potencies has been used as a concept for the development of modern Dutch colonial architecture.

Typology of the Facade of Weapon Barracks at Fort Oranje

“…This adaptation process in the Indonesian climate adds to ventilation in the roof of the building. It is in line with Handinoto's opinion in Ardiyanto et al [11], the form of Dutch colonial architecture in Indonesia after the 1900s was the result of a compromise of developing modern architecture in the Netherlands adapted to Indonesia's wet tropical climate. The overall result of Dutch colonial architecture in Indonesia is a distinctive form [11].…”

Perancangan Yang Kontekstual: Belajar Dari Thomas Karsten

“…Atap joglo dan penggunaan soko guru adalah elemen arsitektur Jawa, sedangkan penerapan lubang-lubang angin dan dinding dengan menggunakan material batu bata merupakan elemen arsitektur Barat. Selain mencampurkan kedua elemen arsitektur dari dua budaya, Thomas Karsten ingin menekankan pada pemanfaatan pencahayaan dan pengalaman alami, dan melakukan rancangan interior berdasarkan prinsip kemanusiaan yang ia percaya (Antonius et al, 2014).…”

“…Pada aspek fisik gaya arsitektur dari ketiga bangunan sama-sama merupakan campuran dari arsitektur Belanda dan Jawa. Pada Gedung Teater Rakyat Semarang dan Pasar Gede Solo, ciri khas arsitektur Jawa ditemukan pada jenis atap yang digunakan yaitu atap joglo pada Gedung Teater Rakyat dan atap limasan pada Pasar Gede Solo (Antonius et al, 2014). Selain itu pada Pasar Gede Solo juga ditemukan wuwungan, ornamen yang biasa ditemukan di atas atap rumah orang Jawa yang dipercaya dapat menghalang sambaran petir.…”

The Evolution of Modern Architecture Style in Context of Postcolonial Campus

“…Indonesia achieves this modern architecture development goal by blending the traditional and modern style with adaptation to local climate, material, and technology at the time. For instance, there are plenty of modern function buildings such as government offices, campuses, hospitals, markets, and others designed in the shape of Indonesia's indigenous architecture (Ardiyanto et al, 2014). Therefore, the post-colonial era's architecture development is used as a tool for political leaders to transform their ideology on how to lead and modernize the country.…”