The comparison of phosphorus-nitrogen and sulfur-phosphorus-nitrogen on the anti-flammability and thermal degradation of cotton fabrics

Recent developments in phosphorus based flame retardant coatings for textiles: Synthesis, applications and performance

“…Moreover, phosphorus-nitrogen--sulfur synergism has been applied to variety of polymers [140,141,142]. Phosphorus and sulfur show similar mechanism in an intumescent system whereas, nitrogen produces gases to cool the flame and causes dilution [143]. Several textile applications exist for such combinations.…”

“…Recently, the effect of the presence of sulfur in a phosphorus and nitrogen based FR system was studied for the cotton fabric [143]. For this purpose, two different molecules were synthesized.…”

Effect of phosphorylation on the planar compaction of reinforcements made of unidirectional flax fibres supported by a thin flax fibre mat

“…Many studies have been devoted to the flammability of natural fibres and their influence on mechanical properties of composites. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Shi et al [19] showed that it is possible to obtain phosphorylated kraft pulp fibres with a high degree of flame retardancy using a phosphate ester in the presence of molten urea. Unlike traditional phosphorylation techniques, the main advantage of this treatment is that fibre length is practically unaffected.…”

Effect of sulfur in different valence on flame retardance of epoxy resin for light emitting diode

“…The other relevant literatures showed that the introduction of sulfur into polymer could change the decomposition process of polymer, promote the carbonization of the condensed phase and improve the char yield of polymer 18,19 . Chang et al compared the properties of cotton textile flame retarded by PN system and PNS system, and found that the sulfur in PN system could effectively improve the carbonization of polymers 20 . Braun et al incorporated sulfur element into phosphorus‐containing flame‐retarded PS, PS synergistic effect reduced the mass release rate and decomposition temperature of modified PS and the incarbonization effect was accelerated, which ascribed to that the radical decomposition of PS was influenced by this kind of phosphorus‐sulfur flame retardant 21 .…”

“…18,19 Chang et al compared the properties of cotton textile flame retarded by P N system and P N S system, and found that the sulfur in P N system could effectively improve the carbonization of polymers. 20 Braun et al incorporated sulfur element into phosphorus-containing flame-retarded PS, P S synergistic effect reduced the mass release rate and decomposition temperature of modified PS and the incarbonization effect was accelerated, which ascribed to that the radical decomposition of PS was influenced by this kind of phosphorus-sulfur flame retardant. 21 Chen et al used phosphoric acid, epichlorohydrin and thiourea to synthesize phosphorus-sulfur flame retardants for nylon.…”