THE COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF INTELLECTUAL ABILITY<sup>1</sup>

Raven, John

doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1948.tb00198.x

Cited by 52 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Participants were recruited through local advertisements and were submitted to the same neuropsychological tasks as OCD patients, including the BAI and BDI scales. Furthermore, patients and controls were matched by age, years of formal education and intellectual level, as measured by Progressive Matrices of Raven 28 .…”

Section: Participants and Clinical Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision-making impairment in obsessive-compulsive disorder as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task

Rocha¹,

Alvarenga²,

Malloy-Diniz³

et al. 2011

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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Objective: This study aims to evaluate the process of decision-making in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). In addition, we intend to expand the understanding of clinical and demographic characteristics that influence decision-making. Method: Our sample consisted of 214 subjects (107 diagnosed with OCD and 107 healthy controls) who were evaluated on their clinical, demographic and neuropsychological features. Moreover, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), a task that detects and measures decision-making impairments, was used. Results: We found that OCD patients performed significantly worse on the IGT. Furthermore, features such as symptoms of anxiety did not influence IGT performance. Conclusion: Impaired decision-making seems to be a key feature of OCD. Given that OCD is a complex heterogeneous disorder, homogeneous groups are necessary for an accurate characterization of our findings. Key words: behavior, obsessive-compulsive disorder, cognition, serotonin.Prejuízo no processo de tomada de decisão mensurado pelo Iowa Gambling Task no transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o processo de tomada de decisão em pacientes com transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC) utilizando o Iowa Gambling Task. Pretende-se, também, avaliar características demográficas e clínicas que possam influenciar essa função executiva. Método: Nossa amostra é composta de 214 sujeitos (107 pacientes com diagnóstico de TOC e 107 controles) que foram avaliados do ponto de vista clínico, demográfico e neuropsicológico. O Iowa Gambling Task, um teste que avalia o processo de tomada de decisão, foi aplicado. Resultados: Observamos um prejuízo no desempenho dos pacientes com TOC no IGT. Características como sintomas depressivos e ansiosos não foram responsáveis por esse prejuízo. Conclusão: O prejuízo no processo de tomada de decisão parece ser um componente importante na fisiopatologia do TOC. Como o TOC é um transtorno heterogêneo, grupos mais homogêneos são necessários para uma melhor caracterização e confirmação dos nossos achados. Palavras-chave: comportamento, transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo, cognição, serotonina. CorrespondenceFelipe Filardi da Rocha Rua Sapucaia 83 35460-000 Brumadinho MG -Brasil

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Section: Participants and Clinical Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision-making impairment in obsessive-compulsive disorder as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task

Rocha¹,

Alvarenga²,

Malloy-Diniz³

et al. 2011

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…The clinical diagnosis was corroborated using the German form of the Autism Diagnostic InterviewRevised (Schmötzer et al, 1993;Lord et al, 1994) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (Lord et al, 2000). General IQ was assessed with the standard progressive matrices (Raven, 1948).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Gamma-Band Activity during Perceptual Organization in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Evidence for Dysfunctional Network Activity in Frontal-Posterior Cortices

Sun

Grützner²,

Bölte³

et al. 2012

Journal of Neuroscience

138

134

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Current theories of the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have focused on abnormal temporal coordination of neural activity in cortical circuits as a core impairment of the disorder. In the current study, we examined the possibility that gamma-band activity may be crucially involved in aberrant brain functioning in ASD. Magneto-encephalographic (MEG) data were recorded from 13 adult human participants with ASD and 16 controls during the presentation of Mooney faces. MEG data were analyzed in the 25-150 Hz frequency range and a beamforming approach was used to identify the sources of spectral power. Participants with ASD showed elevated reaction times and reduced detection rates during the perception of upright Mooney faces, while responses to inverted stimuli were in the normal range. Impaired perceptual organization in the ASD group was accompanied by a reduction in both the amplitude and phase locking of gamma-band activity. A beamforming approach identified distinct networks during perceptual organization in controls and participants with ASD. In controls, perceptual organization of Mooney faces involved increased 60 -120 Hz activity in a frontoparietal network, while in the ASD group stronger activation was found in visual regions. These findings highlight the contribution of impaired gamma-band activity toward complex visual processing in ASD, suggesting atypical modulation of high-frequency power in frontoposterior networks.

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“…Each subject was given a diverse set of cognitive tests: a modified, timed version of Raven's Progressive Matrices (RAVEN) (4,25); verbal fluency (VERBALFL) (26); vocabulary (VOCAB) (27) (4,33).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain size does not predict general cognitive ability within families

Schoenemann

Budinger

Sarich

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Hominid brain size increased dramatically in the face of apparently severe associated evolutionary costs. This suggests that increasing brain size must have provided some sort of counterbalancing adaptive benefit. Several recent studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have indicated that a substantial correlation (mean r ‫؍‬ Ϸ0.4) exists between brain size and general cognitive performance, consistent with the hypothesis that the payoff for increasing brain size was greater general cognitive ability. However, these studies confound betweenfamily environmental influences with direct genetic͞biological influences. To address this problem, within-family (WF) sibling differences for several neuroanatomical measures were correlated to WF scores on a diverse battery of cognitive tests in a sample of 36 sibling pairs. WF correlations between neuroanatomy and general cognitive ability were essentially zero, although moderate correlations were found between prefrontal volumes and the Stroop test (known to involve prefrontal cortex). These findings suggest that nongenetic influences play a role in brain volume͞cognitive ability associations. Actual direct genetic͞biological associations may be quite small, and yet still may be strong enough to account for hominid brain evolution. Hominid brains have roughly tripled in volume in less than 3 million years, and little of this can be explained by body size increases (1-4). Because larger brains take longer to mature (5), have very high metabolic costs (6), and reduce the efficiency of bipedal locomotion (because the pelvic aperture must still allow birth) (7), increasing brain size must therefore have provided counterbalancing adaptive benefits (8). Seven recent studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to estimate brain volume have shown a substantial correlation (mean r ϭ Ϸ0.4) between brain size and general cognitive performance (9-16). Although these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the payoff for increasing brain size was related in some way to greater general cognitive ability (g), they do not control for potentially confounding between-family (BF) environmental influences.Family background, socioeconomic status (SES), crossassortative mating, and cultural influences potentially affect both anatomy and behavior in the same direction independently, which could thereby result in noncausal associations between brain size and cognitive ability. These BF influences can be controlled for by asking whether WF sibling differences in brain size are associated with WF sibling differences in cognitive performance. This technique has been used to show that height͞IQ correlations are probably not genetically mediated (17)(18)(19)(20), but that myopia͞IQ correlations apparently are genetically influenced (21). To date, there is only one brief abstract of a WF MRI study of brain͞cognitive ability associations in the literature (16), which found no significant WF correlation between general cognitive ability (g) and MRI brain volume in 40 male siblings (no d...

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THE COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF INTELLECTUAL ABILITY¹

Cited by 52 publications

References 5 publications

Decision-making impairment in obsessive-compulsive disorder as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task

Decision-making impairment in obsessive-compulsive disorder as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task

Impaired Gamma-Band Activity during Perceptual Organization in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Evidence for Dysfunctional Network Activity in Frontal-Posterior Cortices

Brain size does not predict general cognitive ability within families

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THE COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF INTELLECTUAL ABILITY1

Cited by 52 publications

References 5 publications

Decision-making impairment in obsessive-compulsive disorder as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task

Decision-making impairment in obsessive-compulsive disorder as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task

Impaired Gamma-Band Activity during Perceptual Organization in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Evidence for Dysfunctional Network Activity in Frontal-Posterior Cortices

Brain size does not predict general cognitive ability within families

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THE COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF INTELLECTUAL ABILITY¹