The Combined Effects of Levothyroxine and Low Level Laser Therapy on Wound Healing in Hypothyroidism Male Rat Model

Abstract

IntroductionHypothyroidism is one of the most prevalent exocrine gland disorders. It occurs in females 8-10 times more than males.1,2 Its prevalence depends directly on age. Hypothyroidism is caused by inadequate production and storage of thyroid hormones.3 Thyroid hormone is essential for the normal functioning of some tissues in the body. 4 Patients with hypothyroidism usually complain a lot about delay in the wound healing, dermatophytosis and post-surgical pains. In the past decades, different methods have been proposed to accelerate wound healing and decrease the side effects of healing. Modalities such as laser have been proposed alongside pharmacotherapy. 5Mester et al discovered the advantages of laser to wound healing. 6 All studies on lab animals emphasize that lowlevel laser accelerates wound healing through increased proliferation of fibroblasts and formation of fibrous granulation, increased collagen synthesis and ATP production, lymphocytes activation as well as increased ability to attach to pathogens. 7 In laser therapy, various parameters are important including wavelength, frequency, and duration of the radiation.8 Numerous lasers are being used to heal wounds, including the gallium-aluminum arsenide laser. Hypothyroidism is associated with delayed wound healing. Laser therapy may stimulate wound regeneration. The aim of this study was to determine the combined effects of levothyroxine and low level laser therapy during the wound healing process on skin of hypothyroidism male rat model. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group, hypothyroidism group, hypothyroidism group treated by laser, hypothyroidism group treated by levothyroxine, and hypothyroidism group treated by laser and levothyroxine. To induce hypothyroidism, methimazole was given at a dose of 4 mg/100 mL in their drinking water. After hypothyroidism was proven through immunoassay commercial kit, rats were generally anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine, then, an incisional skin wound was created in a length of 1.2 cm on the back of the ribcage. The surgical day is considered as the zero day. The third and fifth groups were treated with a pulse laser, 810 nm wavelength 80 Hz frequency and 0.2 J/cm 2 energy densities for 200 seconds. Levothyroxine was injected to the fourth and fifth groups intraperitoneally. On the 14th day, a normal sample of each healing skin wound was harvested for biomechanical examination. The obtained data were analyzed by the SPSS software 21 and reported as a mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:The results showed that the mean maximum force and the accomplished work (energy) made a significant difference in the group receiving both laser and levothyroxine synchronously rather than the other groups (P ≤ 0.05). The elasticity of the wound healing in the groups that received laser and levothyroxine synchronously was significantly higher in comparison with the control and hypothyroidism groups but the differenc...

Combined Effect of Low-Level Laser Treatment and Levothyroxine on Wound Healing in Rats With Hypothyroidism

“…The proliferation phase began immediately when laser treatment increased cell proliferation. 12,38 Conclusion LLLT at 810 nm in wavelength, frequency of 80 Hz and energy density of 0.2 J/cm 2 combined with the application of levothyroxine significantly improved the histological properties of wounds in rats with hypothyroidism.…”

“…Levothyroxine (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) administered at a dose of 20 µg/kg/d i.p. 12 Tissue Preparation At the end of treatment, samples were taken from the lesions of the subgroups and were fixed in 10% formalin for 2 weeks. The solution was refreshed after the first 24 hours.…”

The Combined Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Media and Low-Level Laser on Stereological and Biomechanical Parameter in Hypothyroidism Rat Model

“…All samples were placed in a similar orientation. 11 Hematoxylin-Eosin Staining The bone was transferred to a 10% buffered formalin solution and then was placed in a solution of 10% nitric acid for 1 week to decalcify. Then, it stained with hematoxylin-eosin methods.…”

“…[7][8][9] The treatment of hypothyroidism is hormone replacement which usually should be continued throughout the whole life. 10,11 On the other hand, treatment with thyroid hormones can increase the risk of osteoporosis and fracture risk. One of the modalities that are used for inducing the bone repair is laser therapy.…”

Protective effect of Photobiomodulation Therapy and Bone Marrow Stromal Stem Cells Conditioned Media on Pheochromocytoma Cell Line 12 Against Oxidative Stress Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide

“…H2O2 may induce apoptosis in PC12 cells. 10,11 According to stem cell studies, bone marrow stromal stem cell (BMSC) and adipose stem cells (ADSCs) have been found promising for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. 12,13 Actually, it is well documented that the systemic administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from different tissues is neuroprotective.…”