The coevolution of transitive inference and memory capacity in the hawk–dove game

Doi, Kazuto; Nakamaru, Mayuko

doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.08.002

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…As such, it could be argued that the immediate inference strategy could be at play here. This would suggest, however, that chickens are performing the task using a different skill set (and memory capacity 39 ) that is a correlate of that used when in a social setting; the results in the experiment can be explained in a way that relates to the ecology of the rank and sex of the individual performing the task (as outlined earlier). Further work, involving not just a food reward as here but rather a social reward (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is suggested that there are implications for memory capacity in the ability to perform inference tasks and whether an immediate inference strategy or a transitive inference learning should occur 39 and that these forms of learning are dependent on costs and benefits for the winner and loser. The form of transitive inference learning in chicks in the present experiment is potentially of a reduced cost to the loser compared to the social interactions (including aggression) to which the chick would be subject to when presented with the form of learning in a group of conspecifics, given that the only consequence of an incorrect peck is that the chick is not rewarded with food.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-rank Gallus gallus domesticus chicks are better at transitive inference reasoning

2021

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A form of deductive reasoning, transitive inference, is thought to allow animals to infer relationships between members of a social group without having to remember all the interactions that occur. Such an ability means that animals can avoid direct confrontations which could be costly. Here we show that chicks perform a transitive inference task differently according to sex and rank. In female chicks, low-ranking birds performed better than did the highest ranked. Male chicks, however, showed an inverted U-shape of ability across rank, with the middle ranked chicks best able to perform the task. These results are explained according to the roles the sexes take within the group. This research directly links the abilities of transitive inference learning and social hierarchy formation and prompts further investigation into the role of both sex and rank within the dynamics of group living.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-rank Gallus gallus domesticus chicks are better at transitive inference reasoning

2021

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“…Nakamaru and Sasaki ( 2003 ) demonstrated that the ability to accurately assess RHP is favored when the cost of losing is slightly larger than the benefit because the hawk vs. hawk combination occurs more often with lower costs. This ability is demonstrated in a strategy referred to as immediate inference (II) strategy in Doi and Nakamaru ( 2018 ) and Nakamaru and Sasaki ( 2003 ) where a player who estimates the strength of an opponent based on the history of direct fights or dyadic interactions (Fig. 1 a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nakamaru and Sasaki ( 2003 ) and Doi and Nakamaru ( 2018 ) studied how transitive inference evolves, related to the social hierarchy formation theoretically by using the evolutionary game theory. These studies assume that individuals play the asymmetric hawk-dove game (Parker 1974 ; Maynard Smith 1974 ; Maynard Smith and Parker 1976 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heuristics Facilitates the Evolution of Transitive Inference and Social Hierarchy in a Large Group

Doi

Nakamaru

2023

Acta Biotheor

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Transitive inference (TI) refers to social cognition that facilitates the discernment of unknown relationships between individuals using known relationships. It is extensively reported that TI evolves in animals living in a large group because TI could assess relative rank without deducing all dyadic relationships, which averts costly fights. The relationships in a large group become so complex that social cognition may not be developed adequately to handle such complexity. If members apply TI to all possible members in the group, TI requires extremely highly developed cognitive abilities especially in a large group. Instead of developing cognitive abilities significantly, animals may apply simplified TI we call reference TI in this study as heuristic approaches. The reference TI allows members to recognize and remember social interactions only among a set of reference members rather than all potential members. Our study assumes that information processes in the reference TI comprises (1) the number of reference members based on which individuals infer transitively, (2) the number of reference members shared by the same strategists, and (3) memory capacity. We examined how information processes evolve in a large group using evolutionary simulations in the hawk–dove game. Information processes with almost any numbers of reference members could evolve in a large group as long as the numbers of shared reference member are high because information from the others’ experiences is shared. TI dominates immediate inference, which assesses relative rank on direct interactions, because TI could establish social hierarchy more rapidly applying information from others’ experiences.

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What Is “The Evolution of Cooperation“?

Nakamaru¹

2022

Theoretical Biology

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The coevolution of transitive inference and memory capacity in the hawk–dove game

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Low-rank Gallus gallus domesticus chicks are better at transitive inference reasoning

Low-rank Gallus gallus domesticus chicks are better at transitive inference reasoning

Heuristics Facilitates the Evolution of Transitive Inference and Social Hierarchy in a Large Group

What Is “The Evolution of Cooperation“?

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