The “CO₂Tool”: CO₂emissions & energy consumption of existing & breakthrough steelmaking routes

Techno-economic evaluation of innovative steel production technologies

“…Price fluxes 27 EUR / t Average price from lime € 20 / t and limestone € 100 / t in ratio 10:1 (Pardo and Moya, 2013) Price ferroalloys 1.777 EUR / t Same amount and price for all routes (Pardo and Moya, 2013) Material loss crude steel to end product hot rolled coil 9 % (Birat et al, 2008) Maintenance cost 3 % of CAPEX (Voigt and Schmidt, 2014) Other cost (fix and overhead) …”

Reduction Kinetics of Fine Hematite Ore Particles with a High Temperature Drop Tube Furnace

“…Without Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology HIsarna is expected to cut CO 2 emissions by 20%, whereas with CCS it can achieve a reduction of up to 80% by 2050. 1) In addition, it uses fine ores instead of pellet or sinter used in the conventional ironmaking process. HIsarna is, in essence, a merger between the smelting cyclone technology of CCF developed by Hoogovens (now Tata Steel) and bath smelting technology of HIsmelt developed by Rio Tinto.…”

Evolution of Blast Furnace Process toward Reductant Flexibility and Carbon Dioxide Mitigation in Steel Works

“…The NBF (New Blast Furnace) in the ULCOS (Ultra Low CO 2 Steelmaking) project is a representative process utilizing top gas recycling. [34][35][36] Following the development of that process, similar processes have also been actively studied. [37][38][39][40][41][42] Top gas recycling is considered to represent a further evolution of the previous reducing gas injection process.…”

“…[34][35][36] In this process, most of the top gas is recycled after CO 2 removal by VPSA and reheating. Three different versions can be considered, as shown in Fig.…”