The Closure of the Brazilian Housing Bank and Beyond

Abstract

Su m m ary. This p aper analyses the con tinuing crisis of the Brazilian housing ® nance system in the secon d h alf of th e 1980s and early 1990s. The pap er assesses the im pact of the closu re of the Brazilian N ation al Housing Bank in 1986 on future d evelop m ents within the circu it of housing ® n ance and in relation to social hou sing prod uction . The paper brie¯y analyses the S EAC schem e, set u p during th e Sarn ey govern m ent (1985± 89) and th e M AS/CEF housing p rogram m e, set up during the Collor govern m ent (1990± 92). The pap er add s to a previou s Urb an Studies paper w hich focu ses on develop m ents in the ® rst half of the 1980s. Ma rcio M. Valenc Ë a is in the Departamento de Geogra® aÐ UFRN (Brazil), but is presently an

Entre les logements sociaux de l’État et le logement précaire : une analyse de la vulgarisation des logements privés au Brésil

“…Como consequência, tem-se o fechamento do BNH seguido de um período de crise financeira e institucional neste setor até ao início dos anos 2000 (Klintowitz, 2011;Valença, 1999).…”

“…34 Ao longo da década de 1990, é extensa a literatura que analisa os resultados qualitativos e quantitativos atingidos pela política do BNH-SFH (Arretche, 1990;Bonduki, 2007;Cardoso, s/d;Maricato, 1987;Santos, 1999;Valença, 1999). Em números, a tabela 1 abaixo compilada no estudo de Melo apud Arretche (1999) nos permite aferir que o SFH fi nanciou cerca de 4 milhões de novas unidades habitacionais, seja via SBPE ou COHABs.…”

“…neoliberais e de reforma do Estado, que podem ser mais bem aprofundados em Klintowitz (2011) e Valença (1999).…”

The trajectory of social housing policy in Brazil: From the National Housing Bank to the Ministry of the Cities

“…Inspired by the British 'Rightto-Buy', the government also began the sale of government owned housing, or the 'function dwellings' in Brasília, in the wake of its 'patrimonial reforms'. This was a stock of housing rented at subsidized prices to government personnel due to their high rate of 6 On the SFH crisis, see Valença (1992); on the situation leading to and following the closure of the BNH, see Valença (1999Valença ( , 2007. On the BNH-SFH format and development, see Andrade and Azevedo (1982), Bolaffi (1991), Maricato (1987) and Valladares (1986).…”

“…And although in theory there were schemes that allowed cross-utilisation of SBPE (savings accounts) and BNH (FGTS) resources, in practice the two legs of the SFH operated quite independently. It is worth noting also that the Brazilian SFH has always been a centralised system of housing finance but with a decentralised network of housing promoters throughout the regions (e.g., COHABs, cooperatives organized under the INOCOOP, building societies, pension funds and private housebuilders) (Azevedo, 1996(Azevedo, , 2007Valença, 1992Valença, , 1999Valença, , 2001. Following the general economic crisis at the beginning of the 1980s, all the system's sources of finance were affected negatively.…”