The ‘chicken or the egg’: which comes first, forest tree decline or loss of mycorrhizae?

Sapsford, Sarah J.; Paap, T.; Hardy, G.; Burgess, Treena I.

doi:10.1007/s11258-017-0754-6

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…However, the presence of P. cinnamomi in asymptomatic vegetation is well documented, and it can persist as a biotroph in a number of annual and herbaceous hosts (Crone, 2012;Crone, McComb, O'Brien, & Hardy, 2013). In situations where Phytophthora does not act as a primary pathogen, it is often found to be a secondary or contributing factor to forest tree decline (Jurskis, 2005), where other factors such as the loss of mycorrhiza (Ishaq, 2013;Sapsford, Paap, Hardy, & Burgess, 2017) or the presence of chemicals due to fertilizer and herbicide practises can have a negative impact on C. calophylla health (Sapsford et al, 2017), thus making the way for P. cinnamomi to become necrotrophic in its host.…”

Section: Field Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Field survey, isolation, identification and pathogenicity of Phytophthora species associated with a Mediterranean‐type tree species

et al. 2018

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Summary Corymbia calophylla (marri), a keystone tree species in the global biodiversity hot spot of southwestern Australia, is suffering decline and mortality associated with a canker disease caused by the endemic fungus Quambalaria coyrecup. Phytophthora species are frequently isolated from the rhizosphere of C. calophylla, and a hypothesis is that Phytophthora root infection is predisposing C. calophylla to this endemic canker pathogen. Field surveys were conducted in both anthropogenically disturbed and undisturbed C. calophylla stands, from where a total of 100 rhizosphere soil samples, from both healthy and cankered trees, were collected. Phytophthora species were isolated from 26% of the samples collected, with Phytophthora incidence significantly higher on disturbed stands than in natural forests (73% and 27%, respectively). Five Phytophthora species were recovered, including P. cinnamomi, P. elongata, P. multivora, P. pseudocryptogea and P. versiformis. Under‐bark inoculations with the Phytophthora isolates caused significant lesion lengths in excised C. calophylla stems. Corymbia calophylla response to pot infestation trials in the glasshouse varied between Phytophthora species and isolates, with isolates of P. cinnamomi and P. multivora causing a significant reduction in seedling root volume and often leading to seedling death. This study demonstrates that root disease caused by Phytophthora species, especially P. cinnamomi and P. multivora, has the ability to adversely affect C. calophylla health. This study leads the way to do a dual inoculation trial with the canker pathogen Q. coyrecup, and different Phytophthora species to investigate if Phytophthora root infection predisposes C. calophylla to this canker disease.

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Section: Field Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Field survey, isolation, identification and pathogenicity of Phytophthora species associated with a Mediterranean‐type tree species

et al. 2018

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“…; Sapsford et al . ). On the other hand, biotic and abiotic factors determining plant performance are likely to exhibit a concordant impact on root‐associated fungi (Ruotsalainen and Eskelinen ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pinewood nematode infection alters root mycoflora ofPinus tabulaeformisCarr

et al. 2018

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“…Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities can shift with the nutrient balance in soils while they compete with each other for nutrients in response to host demand for N and P (Franklin et al, 2014). A reduction in ECM fungal species diversity may therefore impact plant nutrition and forest resilience in a changing environment (Sapsford et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectomycorrhizal fungi and soil enzymes exhibit contrasting patterns along elevation gradients in southern Patagonia

et al. 2019

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Summary The biological and functional diversity of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations remain largely unknown in South America. In Patagonia, the ECM tree Nothofagus pumilio forms monospecific forests along mountain slopes without confounding effects of vegetation on plant–fungi interactions. To determine how fungal diversity and function are linked to elevation, we characterized fungal communities, edaphic variables, and eight extracellular enzyme activities along six elevation transects in Tierra del Fuego (Argentina and Chile). We also tested whether pairing ITS1 rDNA Illumina sequences generated taxonomic biases related to sequence length. Fungal community shifts across elevations were mediated primarily by soil pH with the most species‐rich fungal families occurring mostly within a narrow pH range. By contrast, enzyme activities were minimally influenced by elevation but correlated with soil factors, especially total soil carbon. The activity of leucine aminopeptidase was positively correlated with ECM fungal richness and abundance, and acid phosphatase was correlated with nonECM fungal abundance. Several fungal lineages were undetected when using exclusively paired or unpaired forward ITS1 sequences, and these taxonomic biases need reconsideration for future studies. Our results suggest that soil fungi in N. pumilio forests are functionally similar across elevations and that these diverse communities help to maintain nutrient mobilization across the elevation gradient.

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The ‘chicken or the egg’: which comes first, forest tree decline or loss of mycorrhizae?

Cited by 26 publications

References 110 publications

Field survey, isolation, identification and pathogenicity of Phytophthora species associated with a Mediterranean‐type tree species

Field survey, isolation, identification and pathogenicity of Phytophthora species associated with a Mediterranean‐type tree species

Pinewood nematode infection alters root mycoflora ofPinus tabulaeformisCarr

Ectomycorrhizal fungi and soil enzymes exhibit contrasting patterns along elevation gradients in southern Patagonia

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