The Chemical Compounds Analysis of Bio-oil and Char from Cocoa Pod Husks Waste Pyrolysis by GC-MS/FTIR and its Potential as Biofungicide

Abstract

Cocoa pod husk (CPH) is a lignocellulosic waste that can be processed for producing chemical compounds. It can be used antifungal active substances which have the potential to become promising biofungicide. The purpose of this study was to obtain active material of bio-oil and char from CPH pyrolysis as an antifungal. This research include CPH pyrolysis, compounds analysis of bio-oil and char using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Fourier transform infrared (GC-MS/FTIR) further testing effectiveness as antifungal with the Total Plate Count (TPC) method. The spectrogram of GC-MS shows content of major chemical compounds of bio-oil are 2-methoxy-phenol; 2,3-dimethyl-pyridine; 3methyl-1,2-cyclopentanedione; 2,6-dimethoxy-phenol; 2-butanol; 5-hydroxy-2,7dimethyl-4-octanone; maltol; 3,4-dihydroxyaceto-phenone; 3-methyl-phenol; 2methoxy-5-methylphenol; 2,3-dimethyl-cyclohexanol. The FTIR spectrum of char shows vibration at functional groups O-H, C≡C, C=O and CH3. The concentration of bio-oil 30% (v/v) and char effectively inhibit 100% fungus like control + (synthetic fungicide). Therefore, it is very promising to be applied as biofungicide.

Chemical Characterization and Antibacterial Activities of Bio-oil from Durian Shell Pyrolysis

“…Bio-oil, a liquid product resulting from the pyrolysis of biomass material like lignocellulosic biomass, is an alternative approach [28][29][30][31] . It can potentially source natural chemicals through a thermochemical or pyrolysis process 29,30,32 . Pyrolysis goes through high-temperature carbonization (300-700 ᵒC) without or low oxygen 33,34 .…”

“…A quantity of 500 grams of dried DS was measured and introduced into a pyrolysis reactor featuring a 20 cm diameter and 50 cm height, possessing a total capacity of 0.157 dm 3 . The pyrolysis process occurs without or low oxygen and any additional catalyst within a temperature range from 330-600ºC, with a heating rate of 6ᵒC per minute 32 . An automatic system manages the heating procedure.…”

“…Bio-oil resulting from distillation is called grade 1 bio-oil. This research is a modified method from previous research by Mashuni et al (2019) 32 and Pedersen et al (2020) 51 .…”