The Charge of the Ultracapacitors

Schindall, Joel

doi:10.1109/mspec.2007.4378458

Cited by 72 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…For example, a 25F NESSCAP ultra-capacitor, weighing 6.5g, can store 182 joules and provide a peak current of 20A at a rated voltage of 2.7V with a total leakage current below 0.1mA. As with batteries, ultracapacitor technology is also an area of active research [37].…”

Section: Power Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Computational sprinting

Raghavan

Luo

Chandawalla

et al. 2012

IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Comp Architecture

155

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Although transistor density continues to increase, voltage scaling has stalled and thus power density is increasing each technology generation. Particularly in mobile devices, which have limited cooling options, these trends lead to a utilization wall in which sustained chip performance is limited primarily by power rather than area. However, many mobile applications do not demand sustained performance; rather they comprise short bursts of computation in response to sporadic user activity.To improve responsiveness for such applications, this paper explores activating otherwise powered-down cores for sub-second bursts of intense parallel computation. The approach exploits the concept of computational sprinting, in which a chip temporarily exceeds its sustainable thermal power budget to provide instantaneous throughput, after which the chip must return to nominal operation to cool down. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, we analyze the thermal and electrical characteristics of a smart-phone-like system that nominally operates a single core (∼1W peak), but can sprint with up to 16 cores for hundreds of milliseconds. We describe a thermal design that incorporates phase-change materials to provide thermal capacitance to enable such sprints. We analyze image recognition kernels to show that parallel sprinting has the potential to achieve the task response time of a 16W chip within the thermal constraints of a 1W mobile platform.

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Section: Power Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Computational sprinting

Raghavan

Luo

Chandawalla

et al. 2012

IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Comp Architecture

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Higher energy densities can be achieved by enhancing the electrode capacitance, which can be reached via high capacitance electrode materials. This induced the exploration of alternate electrode materials, such as nanocomposite materials, to increase the capacitance by using nanoscale systems, or faster electronic and ionic transport characteristics [34,35].…”

Section: Economies Of Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Commercially Available Supercapacitors

2017

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High energy density storage device exhibiting a reliable lifecycle is needed in the 21st century. Hence, energy storage research is critical for reducing energy consumption. Supercapacitors exhibit such characteristics via interfacial ion electrosorption and fast redox reactions. They are a feasible solution for transportation applications, among others, due to their superb characteristics. In this paper, we provide a background on supercapacitors, review public data on commercially available supercapacitors for performance characteristics, and finally summarize their performance in terms of energy density, equivalent series resistance, and device time consistency.

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“…They are used, for example, to provide backup power for the memory used in microcomputers and cell phones, and brief bursts of energy to numerous consumer products containing batteries, for example, in cameras [12]. Fig.…”

Section: Energy Storage Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Runtime Extension of Low-Power Wireless Sensor Nodes Using Hybrid-Storage Units

Penella

Gasulla

2010

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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Abstract-The sensor nodes of wireless sensor networks remain inactive most of the time to achieve longer runtimes. Power is mainly provided by batteries, which are either primary or secondary. Because of its internal impedance, a significant voltage drop can appear across the battery terminals at the activation time of the node, thus preventing the extraction of all the energy from the battery. Additionally, internal losses can also be significant. Consequently, the runtime is reduced. The addition of a supercapacitor in parallel with the battery, thus forming a hybrid-storage device, has been proposed under pulsed loads to increase the power capabilities and reduce both the voltage drop and the internal losses at the battery. However, this strategy has not yet thoroughly been analyzed and tested in low-power wireless sensor nodes. This paper presents a comprehensive theoretical analysis that extends previous works found in the literature and provides design guidelines for choosing the appropriate supercapacitor. The analysis is supported by extensive experimental results. Two low-capacity (< 200 mAh) batteries were tested together with their hybrid-storage unit counterparts when using an electronic load as a pulsed current sink. The hybrid-storage units always achieved a higher runtime. One of the batteries was also tested using a sensor node. The runtime extension was 16% and 33% when connecting the hybrid-storage unit directly and through a dc-dc switching regulator to the sensor node, respectively. Index Terms-Autonomous sensor, battery impedance, hybrid storage, runtime extension, sensor node, wireless sensor networks (WSNs).

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The Charge of the Ultracapacitors

Cited by 72 publications

References 0 publications

Computational sprinting

Computational sprinting

Performance of Commercially Available Supercapacitors

Runtime Extension of Low-Power Wireless Sensor Nodes Using Hybrid-Storage Units

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