The Characterization of Scaffolds Based on Dialdehyde Chitosan/Hyaluronic Acid

Abstract

In this work, two-component dialdehyde chitosan/hyaluronic acid scaffolds were developed and characterized. Dialdehyde chitosan was obtained by one-step synthesis with chitosan and sodium periodate. Three-dimensional scaffolds were prepared by the lyophilization method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to observe the chemical structure of scaffolds and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging was done to assess the microstructure of resultant materials. Thermal analysis, mechanical properties measurements, density, porosity and water content measurements were used to characterize physicochemical properties of dialdehyde chitosan/hyaluronic acid 3D materials. Additionally, human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK), dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and human melanoma cells (A375 and G-361) were used to evaluate cell viability in the presence of subjected scaffolds. It was found that scaffolds were characterized by a porous structure with interconnected pores. The scaffold composition has an influence on physicochemical properties, such as mechanical strength, thermal resistance, porosity and water content. There were no significant differences between cell viability proliferation of all scaffolds, and this observation was visible for all subjected cell lines.

Scaffolds Loaded with Dialdehyde Chitosan and Collagen—Their Physico-Chemical Properties and Biological Assessment

“…Two regions in DTG curves could be distinguished in each type of scaffolds. The first one may be correlated with the elimination of water molecules present in the scaffolds [36]. For scaffolds made of pristine collagen, it was 47.5 • C. For materials based on dialdehyde chitosan and collagen mixtures, the region responsible for water elimination, were observed at much higher temperature, namely 147.0 • C for 20DAC/80Coll scaffolds and approximately 147 • C for 50/50 and 80/20 DAC/Coll materials.…”

“…Dialdehyde chitosan was obtained by one-step synthesis following the method described by Bam et al [24] with slight modifications. The synthesis of dialdehyde chitosan was previously described by this research group [36]. Reagents purchased form Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA): chitosan (DD = 78%), acetic acid, HCl, acetone, isopropanol, sodium periodate, Minimum Essential Medium Eagle (MEM) (1000 mg/L), 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), L-glutamine (200 mM), and 0.05% trypsin/0.53 mM EDTA solution.…”

“…Two regions in DTG curves could be distinguished in each type of scaffolds. The first one may be correlated with the elimination of water molecules present in the scaffolds [36]. For scaffolds made of pristine collagen, it was 47.5 °C.…”

“…There is only one report, where dialdehyde chitosan is mixed as component of scaffold. Mixtures with hyaluronic acid and the results of their physico-chemical characterization were described in our previous reports [36,37].…”

“…Thus, no significant differences between scaffolds with different DAC/Coll compositions were observed, but a significant improvement in thermal stability was noticed for DAC/Coll based materials over pristine collagen-based matrices. The second region in DTG curves may be assigned to the degradation of the polymeric structure of the materials components [36] and the fast volatilization of the polymer segment due to the thermal scission of the polymer backbone [44]. T max (2) for collagen materials was comparable with T max (2) for DAC/Coll samples, and it was within the limits of 307.3 to 326.7 • C. Similar results were obtained by Liu et al [27] who showed that the addition of oxidized chitosan resulted in the increase in maximum temperature of the first and second stages.…”