The challenges of maintaining wheat productivity: pests, diseases, and potential epidemics

Duveiller, E.; Singh, Ravi P.; Nıcol, J. M.

doi:10.1007/s10681-007-9380-z

Cited by 225 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This affects the wheat value chain and reduces incomes for farmers besides increasing the risks to human and animal health (Duveiller et al 2007).…”

Section: Biotic Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These pathogens have a high reproductive rate, spread over long distances in short time periods, and evolve new pathotypes rapidly. This is a threat to food security if susceptible varieties are grown in areas where access to chemical protection is either unavailable or not affordable (Duveiller et al 2007). Although major epidemics of leaf rust have been averted in recent decades through breeding for durable resistance, the emergence of the stem rust Ug99 lineage in East Africa and its spread to other countries in Africa and Asia demonstrates that biotic stresses must not be overlooked.…”

Section: Biotic Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This disease is restricted to parts of South America and a recent epidemic in 2009 (causing yield losses of up to 100 % in Paraná, Brazil) has shown that it could become devastating in rainy years as resistance to the pathogen is extremely limited and fungicides are largely ineffective ). Concerns about food safety require attention to be given to Fusarium head blight (FHB) or scab caused principally by F. graminearum (Teleomorph: G. zeae) (Duveiller et al 2007). The fungus produces DON or vomitoxin, a mycotoxin that can lead to significant price penalties, reduced trading value and rejection of wheat flour by millers if the level of contamination is above authorized limits.…”

Section: Biotic Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More attention will be required to include genetic resistance to this disease and to develop cropping systems that minimize the survival of inoculum. Lastly, Septoria diseases caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola and Stagonospora nodorum may cause serious losses in countries where farmers have no access to fungicides, in particular in North Africa and Ethiopia (Duveiller et al 2007). …”

Section: Biotic Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crops that feed the world 10. Past successes and future challenges to the role played by wheat in global food security

et al. 2013

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Wheat is fundamental to human civilization and has played an outstanding role in feeding a hungry world and improving global food security. The crop contributes about 20 % of the total dietary calories and proteins worldwide. Food demand in the developing regions is growing by 1 % annually and varies from 170 kg in Central Asia to 27 kg in East and South Africa. The developing regions (including China and Central Asia) account for roughly 53 % of the total harvested area and 50 % of the production. Unprecedented productivity growth from the Green Revolution (GR) since the 1960s dramatically transformed world wheat production, benefitting both producers and consumers through low production costs and low food prices. Modern wheat varieties were adopted more rapidly than any other technological innovation in the history of agriculture, recently reaching about 90 % of the area in developing regions. One of the key challenges today is to replace these varieties with new ones for better sustainability. While the GR "spared" essential ecosystems from conversion to agriculture, it also generated its own environmental problems. Also productivity increase is now slow or static. Achieving the productivity gains needed to ensure food security will therefore require more than a repeat performance of the GR of the past. Future demand will need to be achieved through sustainable intensification that combines better crop resistance to diseases and pests, adaptation to warmer climates, and reduced use of water, fertilizer, labor and fuel. Meeting these challenges will require concerted efforts in research and innovation to develop and deploy viable solutions. Substantive investment will be required to realize sustainable productivity growth through better technologies and policy and institutional innovations that facilitate farmer adoption and adaptation. The enduring lessons from the GR and the recent efforts for sustainable intensification of cereal systems in South Asia and other regions provide useful insights for the future.

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“…This affects the wheat value chain and reduces incomes for farmers besides increasing the risks to human and animal health (Duveiller et al 2007).…”

Section: Biotic Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biotic Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biotic Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biotic Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Crops that feed the world 10. Past successes and future challenges to the role played by wheat in global food security

et al. 2013

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show abstract

“…When frost occurs during the flowering time of winter rye or another cereal with a determinate growth habit, the harvest fails. Pests and pathogens decrease yield either by depressing the formation of reproductive branches and hence reducing both photosynthetic green area and grain number, or by destroying the photosynthetic green area and thus decreasing energy capture (Duveiller et al, 2007). In rainfed systems, such as Nordic areas, where short periods of drought are common, soil-borne pathogens are frequent.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%