2013
DOI: 10.1080/13562517.2013.827648
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The centre cannot hold: untangling two different trajectories of the ‘approaches to learning’ framework

Abstract: The 'deep/surface approach to learning' framework is widely used in higher education. Its perceived strength is that it is regarded as having two functions: both being (1) a useful metaphor for development of teaching and learning in higher education and (2) a valid concept for researchers. In this paper, I present a critical review of the model. I argue that an oversimplified conceptual framework, empirical weaknesses, and a relative lack of conceptual development can all be seen as a function of the attempt … Show more

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Cited by 12 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…Finally, Biggs’ 3P model has been criticized for being outdated and oversimplified (Howie and Bagnall, 2013; Tormey, 2014). Yet, Biggs’ 3P model appears to be the most prominent learning model in higher education.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Finally, Biggs’ 3P model has been criticized for being outdated and oversimplified (Howie and Bagnall, 2013; Tormey, 2014). Yet, Biggs’ 3P model appears to be the most prominent learning model in higher education.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In general a deep approach to learning was found to be associated with positive academic outcomes. This framework has also been criticized by some scholars as being 'underdeveloped' (Howie & Bagnall, 2012) or oversimplified (Tormey, 2013). Tormey suggests that the "dominance of the model in the teaching and learning in HE literature may also have prevented the development of alternative, more useful frameworks for understanding learning in higher education" (Tormey, 2013, p.1).…”
Section: Background Literature and Research Questionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The mentioned statement has been however widely interpreted as 'deep and surface approaches are mutually exclusive constructs' (Kember, 1996;Tormey, 2014;Watkins & Mboya, 1997;Xie, 2014). That gives rise to a debate and criticisms that might mainly be based on 'misinterpretations', given that Biggs and colleagues consider that the same student may flip from surface to deep approaches depending on his or her perceptions of the learning environments (Biggs et al, 2001;Leung et al, 2008).…”
Section: Descriptivesmentioning
confidence: 99%