The cell‐based model of coagulation

Smith, Stephanie A.

doi:10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00389.x

Cited by 202 publications

(183 citation statements)

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“…ref. [92][93][94][95][96] Although most modern models of coagulation incorporate the role of cells, 1,87,102,103 we shall concentrate here on the strippeddown terminal elements of the extrinsic (and common) pathway, where thrombin plays a crucial role in initiating the polymerisation of fibrinogen. These terminal processes, that are our focus here, are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Relationship Between Chronic Inflammation and Hypercoagulabimentioning

confidence: 99%

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The simultaneous occurrence of both hypercoagulability and hypofibrinolysis in blood and serum during systemic inflammation, and the roles of iron and fibrin(ogen)

Kell

Pretorius

2014

Integrative Biology

127

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Although the two phenomena are usually studied separately, we summarise a considerable body of literature to the effect that a great many diseases involve (or are accompanied by) both an increased tendency for blood to clot (hypercoagulability) and the resistance of the clots so formed (hypofibrinolysis) to the typical, 'healthy' or physiological lysis. We concentrate here on the terminal stages of fibrin formation from fibrinogen, as catalysed by thrombin. Hypercoagulability goes hand in hand with inflammation, and is strongly influenced by the fibrinogen concentration (and vice versa); this can be mediated via interleukin-6. Poorly liganded iron is a significant feature of inflammatory diseases, and hypofibrinolysis may change as a result of changes in the structure and morphology of the clot, which may be mimicked in vitro, and may be caused in vivo, by the presence of unliganded iron interacting with fibrin(ogen) during clot formation. Many of these phenomena are probably caused by electrostatic changes in the iron-fibrinogen system, though hydroxyl radical (OH ) formation can also contribute under both acute and (more especially) chronic conditions. Many substances are known to affect the nature of fibrin polymerised from fibrinogen, such that this might be seen as a kind of bellwether for human or plasma health. Overall, our analysis demonstrates the commonalities underpinning a variety of pathologies as seen in both hypercoagulability and hypofibrinolysis, and offers opportunities for both diagnostics and therapies.

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Section: Relationship Between Chronic Inflammation and Hypercoagulabimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in ref. [86][87][88], but both converge on terminal steps in which prothrombin is converted Fig. 1 Some risk factors, associated with hypercoagulability.…”

Section: Relationship Between Chronic Inflammation and Hypercoagulabimentioning

confidence: 99%

The simultaneous occurrence of both hypercoagulability and hypofibrinolysis in blood and serum during systemic inflammation, and the roles of iron and fibrin(ogen)

Kell

Pretorius

2014

Integrative Biology

127

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“…В последние годы развитие клеточной модели сверты-вания крови in vivo позволило определить, что TF является единственным инициатором образования тромбина, попада-ющим в кровоток при повреждении эндотелия кровеносных сосудов под воздействием травмы, провоспалительных цито-кинов, эндотоксина, адреналина, гипоксии или значитель-ной кровопотери [34,47]. ТF входит в число интегральных мембраносвязанных гликопротеинов и экспрессируется на клетках крови и эндотелия, а также взаимодействует с присутствующим в крови фактором VII с образованием комплекса «ТF -FVIIa» (так называемая фаза инициации свертывания крови).…”

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Role of Blood Fibrinolytic Activity in Preventing Thrombosis in Normal Pregnancy

2016

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Белозёров Дмитрий Евгеньевич -врач клинической лабораторной диагностики лаборатории патологии гемостаза КГБУЗ «Краевая клиническая больница ». 656045, г. Барнаул, ул. Ляпидевского, д. 1. E-mail: dmitrbelozerov@yandex.ru Елыкомов Валерий Анатольевич -д. м. н., доцент, главный врач КГБУЗ «Краевая клиническая больница»; заведующий кафедрой терапии и общей врачебной практики факультета повышения квалификации и профессиональной переподготовки специалистов ГБОУ ВПО АГМУ Минздрава России. 656045, г. Барнаул, ул. Ляпидевского, д. 1. E-mail: hospital.akkb@mail Цель обзора: анализ современных представлений об участии фибринолитической системы крови в предотвращении тромбозов в позд-ние сроки беременности. Основные положения. Физиологическая беременность сопровождается повышением коагуляционной активности крови. Это связано с действием тканевого фактора и генерацией тромбина, о чем обычно свидетельствует рост уровня D-димеров в плазме крови. Однако остается неясной причина увеличения концентрации D-димеров в поздние сроки беременности, протекающей без какой-либо пато-логии. В обзоре представлен анализ динамики уровней плазминогена и основных регуляторов фибринолиза. Показано, что в период, предшествующий родам, возникает подавление пристеночных интраваскулярных фибринолитических реакций. В то же время систем-ный (в общей циркуляции) фибринолиз активирован. Заключение. Выдвинута гипотеза: в поздние сроки беременности концентрация D-димеров в плазме крови повышена вследствие лизи-са растворимого фибрина, не достигшего состояния фибринового сгустка. Ключевые слова: физиологическая беременность, генерация тромбина, фибрин, фибринолиз, D-димеры. С остояние беременности связано с естественной пере-стройкой работы органов и систем, сопровожда-ющейся системными изменениями гемостатическо-го и фибринолитического потенциалов крови, протром-богенными эффектами эндотелия кровеносных сосудов, а также снижением антикоагулянтой защиты [3,19]. Эти изменения приводят к нарастанию тромбогенности крови, достигающей максимума в поздние сроки физиологиче-ской беременности, что объясняется необходимостью уменьшить кровопотерю в родах [2,9,15,32,50]. Об активации свертывания крови в период вынашивания ребенка свидетельствует увеличение содержания в плаз-ме крови продуктов лизиса фибрина, обладающих анти-генами D-димеров, что связано с повышенным образова- To analyze current insights into the role of blood fibrinolytic activity in preventing thrombosis in the later stages of pregnancy. Key Points: Normal pregnancy is associated with increased blood coagulation. This is related to tissue-factor activity and the production of thrombin, which is usually seen in increased plasma D-dimers levels. However, the cause of this increase in D-dimers levels in the later stages of normal pregnancy remains unknown. This review includes an analysis of changes in the levels of plasminogen and key regulators of fibrinolysis. The authors show that intravascular fibrinolytic activity near the vessel wall is inhibited before delivery, while systemic fibrinolysis ...

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“…Coagulation is assessed globally, from the first phase of clot formation to the final lysis of the clot (McMichael and Smith 2011). Furthermore, the viscoelastic technique is a whole blood assessment that considers the role of plasmatic haemostatic components as well as platelets and cellular surfaces, and better reflects the cell-based model of coagulation (Smith 2009). A recent study has identified hypercoagulability by means of non-activated TEG in 7 dogs affected by renal failure and in 11 dogs with severe proteinuria (Donahue et al 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Thromboelastometry used for evaluation of blood coagulability in dogs with kidney diseases

Falco¹,

Zanatta²,

Bruno³

et al. 2013

Acta Vet. Brno

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Kidney diseases as protein-losing nephropathies are predisposing conditions for thrombosis/ thromboembolism in dogs due to increased blood coagulability. The aim of this study was to use thromboelastometry for investigation of changes in haemostasis in dogs affected by renal proteinuria alone or concomitant with azotemia. The study was done at 55 client-owned, healthy (n = 34), proteinuric (n = 14), and proteinuric/azotemic (n = 7) dogs. Blood coagulation was assessed by means of standard coagulation profile and thromboelastometry (in-TEM, ex-TEM, and fib-TEM). In proteinuric dogs only the maximum clot firmness and maximum clot elasticity significantly increased (P < 0.05), whereas in the proteinuric/azotemic dogs the thromboelastometric profiles showed a pronounced increase of blood coagulability, as indicated by significant changes (P < 0.05) of the variables clotting time, clot formation time, α angle, maximum clot firmness and maximum clot elasticity. After correction for group affiliation, the linear regression analysis showed a non significant association between changes in proteinuria and thromboelastometric profiles. In conclusion, thromboelastometric changes indicating hypercoagulabilty were more consistently found in the dogs with proteinuria/azotemia, than in those with proteinuria alone, suggesting that the former dogs can be considered at higher thrombotic risk. This is the first study where thromboelastometry has been applied to the investigation of haemostatic changes in dogs with kidney diseases. Proteinuria, azotemia, viscoelastic technique, hypercoagulability

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The cell‐based model of coagulation

Cited by 202 publications

References 22 publications

The simultaneous occurrence of both hypercoagulability and hypofibrinolysis in blood and serum during systemic inflammation, and the roles of iron and fibrin(ogen)

The simultaneous occurrence of both hypercoagulability and hypofibrinolysis in blood and serum during systemic inflammation, and the roles of iron and fibrin(ogen)

Role of Blood Fibrinolytic Activity in Preventing Thrombosis in Normal Pregnancy

Thromboelastometry used for evaluation of blood coagulability in dogs with kidney diseases

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