The case for genetic monitoring of mice and rats used in biomedical research

Fahey, James R.; Katoh, Hideki; Malcolm, Rachel D.; Perez, Ana V.

doi:10.1007/s00335-012-9444-9

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…These two institutes have supplied anywhere from 43.9% to 93.8% of the total of laboratory rabbits used in Taiwan in previous years (Introduction of production management and quality monitoring of biomedical laboratory animal, 2010). Genetic monitoring of laboratory animals is used to assure the reproducibility of experimental results by ensuring that the animals used in the experiments are genetically defined, as the genetics of the animals can directly affect the results (Fahey et al, 2013). In inbred animals, such monitoring can be utilised to avoid unwanted genetic heterogeneity caused by human error and genetic drift.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population structure and phylogenetic analysis of laboratory rabbits in Taiwan based on microsatellite markers

Lai

Ding

et al. 2018

World Rabbit Sci.

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Laboratory rabbits used in Taiwan are primarily supplied by the Livestock Research Institute (LRI) and the Animal Drugs Inspection Branch (ADIB) of the Animal Health Research Institute. An analysis of the genetic characteristics and structure of these populations would thus be a fundamental step in building a long-term management programme for maintaining stable animal quality and preserving the genetic variation among the populations. In this study, DNA samples were isolated from founders of 5 populations: New Zealand White rabbits (NZW) and Japanese White rabbits (JPN) from the ADIB, NZW and Rex rabbits (REX) from the LRI, and NZW from a private rabbit breeding farm in Ban Ciao (BC). A set of microsatellite markers, 18 in total, was designed for genetic analysis. The average values for the allele number (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (H E ), and Wright's fixation index (F IS ) were 5.50, 2.437, 0.442, 0.568 and 0.232, respectively. These results revealed that this set of microsatellite markers has high diversity and that the major local populations have a tendency toward inbreeding. At the same time, analysis of molecular variance results showed that the laboratory rabbits used in Taiwan have maintained a high level of within-population genetic differentiation (83%). The genetic differentiation among clusters was moderate (F ST =0.18), and Bayesian cluster analysis showed that the most likely number of groups was 4 (K=4). Principal component analysis (PCA) also showed 4 divergent clusters. The LRI and BC NZW populations were not separated when K=4 was used in a Structure software analysis and were also hard to split until principal component 3 in PCA. The individual unrooted phylogenetic tree showed that the 5 populations were separated, except that some individuals from the LRI NZW population overlapped with the ADIB NZW and BC NZW populations. As such, in order to counteract the reduced F IS (0.232) and maximise heterozygosity, the 3 NZW populations could be interbred or have new genes introduced into them. The set of microsatellite markers used herein was useful for studying the relationships and genetic diversities among these rabbit populations of Taiwan. Based on the resulting data, rabbit farms in Taiwan could select parental stocks for planned mating in the future as part of strategies to preserve and restore the rational breeding of laboratory rabbits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population structure and phylogenetic analysis of laboratory rabbits in Taiwan based on microsatellite markers

Lai

Ding

et al. 2018

World Rabbit Sci.

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“…Although inbred mice genes are genetically stable, 5% of the original heterozygosity remains present even after 20 generations of inbreeding (14). Spontaneous mutations may occur during a long-term breeding process, possibly altering the biological characteristics of inbred mice (15). Therefore, to ensure that the IRM-2 mice remain well genetically characterized, a genetic monitoring program is necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development and biological characteristics of a novel potentially radioresistant inbred mouse strain

Wang

et al. 2016

Molecular Medicine Reports

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The growth of biomedical research over the previous decades has been accompanied by an increase in the number, complexity and diversity of experimental animals developed as research tools, and inbred mice are some of the most widely used. However, thus far, no inbred mice have exhibited strong radioresistance for use in radiation-damage research. To develop a radioresistant mouse model, a female Japanese outbreeding strain ICR/JCL mouse was mated with a male Chinese inbred strain 615 mouse. From the F1 generation, the mouse line was maintained by brother-to-sister mating. A novel mouse strain was established over >20 continuous generations and designated the Institute of Radiation Medicine-2 (IRM-2) mouse. The biological characteristics, genetic characteristics and susceptibility to radiation of these mice were determined. The IRM-2 mice inherited traits from the parents, including strong reproductive capacity, stable physiological and biochemical indices and few differences among individuals. According to the genetic results, the IRM-2 mice exhibited homozygosity, isogenicity and consistency, in agreement with international standards for inbred strains. Radiosensitivity studies have previously suggested that the lethal dose (LD)50 values for IRM-2 mice were 7.17 Gy (male) and 7.5 Gy (female), resulting in a dose reduction factor value of 1.39 (male) and 1.37 (female). The mortality of IRM-2 mice irradiated with 8 Gy total body irradiation was 15% at day 9 and 90% at day 15 after radiation. The number of nucleated cells in bone marrow, DNA content and colony-forming unit-spleen counts in IRM-2 mice after exposure to γ-ray irradiation were markedly higher than the corresponding values for the parental strains, suggesting that the IRM-2 mice exhibit high resistance to ionizing radiation. Thus, it is suggested that this novel inbred mouse strain may be developed as an animal model of radioresistance for future use in radiation research.

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“…Such genetic analyses of outbred mice have only recently been established [14,16]. It appears that for outbred mice, a genetic profi le of heterozygous markers needs to be established for each particular stock, and this genetic profi le needs to be monitored throughout the existence of the colony [17]. Such characterization of Intor:Swiss stock could open up the possibility of participating in the project Mouse Genome Database (MGD), the international database resource for laboratory mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Intor:Swiss Albino Mice Adopted in the Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera – Torlak, Belgrade in the Early Twentieth Century

Živković

Rajnpreht²,

Minić

et al. 2016

Acta Veterinaria

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The Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera Torlak was established in 1927, while the first vaccine was produced in the Institute in 1930. Vaccines production implies using experimental animals, including mice, in in-process controls. The laboratory mice which have been in use in Torlak Institute from the very beginning belong to Swiss albino outbred stock. This stock, which has been in use for more than 80 years contains a large number of mice maintained at all times, was recently named Intor:Swiss. Biological characteristics of Intor:Swiss stock, are presented in this paper for the first time. Taking into account the presented characteristics, the Institute Torlak’s Swiss mice are suitable for use in pharmaceutical studies, vaccine development research and basic research, as well as in toxicological studies. The publication of data on the Intor:Swiss mice represents a contribution to the international scientific community, since it offers the possibility for obtaining an additional outbred mouse stock for research.

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The case for genetic monitoring of mice and rats used in biomedical research

Cited by 29 publications

References 29 publications

Population structure and phylogenetic analysis of laboratory rabbits in Taiwan based on microsatellite markers

Population structure and phylogenetic analysis of laboratory rabbits in Taiwan based on microsatellite markers

The development and biological characteristics of a novel potentially radioresistant inbred mouse strain

Characterization of Intor:Swiss Albino Mice Adopted in the Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera – Torlak, Belgrade in the Early Twentieth Century

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