The Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index: face and content validation

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the caries experience of children with and without molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). Methods: A case-control study was designed in which 130 children aged between 7 and 13 years with MIH (cases) were matched with 130 children without the condition (controls) according to age, sex, and school. Dental caries and MIH were assessed using the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) and European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria, respectively, by three examiners. CAST was converted into DMFT/dmft; the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to analyse whether dmft/DMFT was influenced by the severity of MIH. Associations between MIH and dental caries were analysed at child and tooth levels: between and within subjects, respectively. To correlate MIH severity and the occurrence of dental caries, the Cochran-Armitage test was used. Results: The mean age of the children was 9.63 ± 1.29 years. The mean dmft for cases was 1.23 ± 1.99 and for controls 1.71 ± 2.22 (p > 0.05). For the DMFT, the mean scores for cases and controls were 0.45 ± 0.90 and 0.07 ± 0.25, respectively (p < 0.001). The between-subject analysis showed no difference in relation to enamel carious lesions; however, the prevalence of dentine carious lesions was significantly higher in children with MIH than in those without the condition. The same pattern was seen for the within-subject analysis. It was observed that the increase in MIH severity resulted in more teeth being affected by dentine carious lesions (p = 0.0003). Conclusion: Children with MIH presented a higher experience of caries in the permanent dentition than those without the condition. MIH was considered a risk factor for caries development.

Section: Calibration Of Examinersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caries Experience in Children with and without Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation: A Case-Control Study

Grossi

Cabral

Leal³

2017

“…WHO, Nyvad and ICDAS classifications. In addition, it was considered appropriate to discuss the contribution of the recently introduced CAST instrument which had been tested for its face and construct validity [de Souza et al, 2012].…”

confidence: 99%

“…Namely, the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, Nyvad criteria for the assessment of caries lesion activity and severity, and ICDAS (International Caries Detection and Assessment System) criteria for caries detection and assessment [WHO, 2013;Nyvad et al, 1999;Ismail et al, 2007]. Besides, other caries diagnostic classifications such as the WHO criteria complemented by caries activity assessment [Fabruccini et al, 2016], Koch criteria [Hugoson and Koch, 2008;Sundell et al, 2013], SCOR system [Kirkeskov et al, 2010;Nørrisgaard et al, 2016], UNIVISS [Kühnisch et al, 2009], and the CAST (Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment) instrument for caries detection in epidemiological studies [de Souza et al, 2012] were also identified, among others.…”

confidence: 99%

Clinical Diagnosis of Dental Caries in the 21st Century: Introductory Paper – ORCA Saturday Afternoon Symposium, 2016

Mačhiulskienė¹,

Carvalho²

2018

Classifications employed to measure dental caries should first of all reflect the dynamics of the disease, in order to provide a solid basis for subsequent treatment decisions and for further monitoring of dental health of individual patients and populations. The contemporary philosophy of dental caries management implies that nonoperative treatment of caries lesions should be implemented whenever possible, limiting operative interventions to the severe and irreversible cases. The ORCA Saturday Afternoon Symposium 2016, held back-to-back to the 63rd ORCA Congress in Athens, Greece, was intended to provide an update on general requirements for clinical caries diagnosis and to overview caries diagnostic classifications including their rationale, validation, advantages, and limitations. Clinical caries diagnostic criteria and caries management outcomes are interrelated, and any diagnostic classification disregarding this concept is outdated, according to the current understanding of oral health care. Choosing clinical caries diagnostic classifications that assess the activity status of detected lesions should be a priority for dental professionals since these classifications favor the best clinical practice directed towards nonoperative interventions. The choice of clinical caries diagnostic classifications in research, in clinical practice, and in public health services should be guided by the best available scientific evidence. The clinical caries diagnostic classifications should be universally applicable in all these fields. Policy making in oral health care and the underlying policy analyses should follow the same standards. Any clinical caries diagnostic classification disregarding the universality of its use is of limited or no interest in the context of the clinical caries diagnosis of today.

“…The CAST instrument was developed and tested following these principles [de Souza et al, 2012[de Souza et al, , 2014a. CAST follows a hierarchical order in which a less severe condition precedes a severer one ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: The Importance Of Epidemiological Surveys For Oral Health Carementioning

confidence: 99%

“…CAST is an instrument that was developed and tested for use in epidemiological surveys and that covers the whole spectrum of carious lesion detection, from sound tooth surfaces to teeth with an abscess or fistula. The instrument has been validated for face, content, and construct [de Souza et al, 2012[de Souza et al, , 2014c. Its reproducibility in clinical studies has been tested in child and adult populations [de Souza et al, 2014a].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST): A Novel Epidemiological Instrument

Leal

Ribeiro²,

Frencken³

2017

Self Cite

Caries detection is fundamental to understanding the oral health status of a population and is the basis for caries diagnosis for individual patients. Although different caries detection/diagnosis criteria are available, none of them include the total spectrum of dental caries (which ranges from a sound tooth to a tooth lost due to caries) other than the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) instrument. The CAST codes and descriptions were submitted to experienced epidemiologists from across the world for obtaining face and content validity. Its construct validity and reproducibility under field conditions were tested in child and adult populations, and showed a high level of agreement between examiners. Compared to what is usually reported in the literature, CAST provides more relevant information on caries prevalence, experience, and severity. CAST is straightforward and easy to use. A manual with valuable information about how to apply CAST and report its results has been published in order to facilitate communication among researchers, oral health planners, and medical professionals. Feedback from researchers indicates that CAST is considered an asset and that reporting results after using CAST is uncomplicated. More research about the effects of CAST in different cultures and age groups is required.