Caries Experience in Children with and without Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the caries experience of children with and without molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). Methods: A case-control study was designed in which 130 children aged between 7 and 13 years with MIH (cases) were matched with 130 children without the condition (controls) according to age, sex, and school. Dental caries and MIH were assessed using the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) and European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria, respectively, by three examiners. CAST was converted into DMFT/dmft; the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to analyse whether dmft/DMFT was influenced by the severity of MIH. Associations between MIH and dental caries were analysed at child and tooth levels: between and within subjects, respectively. To correlate MIH severity and the occurrence of dental caries, the Cochran-Armitage test was used. Results: The mean age of the children was 9.63 ± 1.29 years. The mean dmft for cases was 1.23 ± 1.99 and for controls 1.71 ± 2.22 (p > 0.05). For the DMFT, the mean scores for cases and controls were 0.45 ± 0.90 and 0.07 ± 0.25, respectively (p < 0.001). The between-subject analysis showed no difference in relation to enamel carious lesions; however, the prevalence of dentine carious lesions was significantly higher in children with MIH than in those without the condition. The same pattern was seen for the within-subject analysis. It was observed that the increase in MIH severity resulted in more teeth being affected by dentine carious lesions (p = 0.0003). Conclusion: Children with MIH presented a higher experience of caries in the permanent dentition than those without the condition. MIH was considered a risk factor for caries development.

The Association between Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization and Dental Caries with Socioeconomic Status as an Explanatory Variable in a Group of Finnish Children

“…MIH was associated with caries in permanent teeth with the adjusted odds ratio of more than 6-fold compared to the children without MIH. This result is in line with a recent case-control study from Brazil [ 28 ].…”

“…In general, the present findings of the association between MIH and caries are in line with those from earlier studies. Children with MIH have been reported to have more caries affected teeth (represented by the DMFT value) than their peers [ 26 , 28 , 30 , 32 ], or caries has been more prevalent among children with MIH [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. One study did not find differences in DMF scores between MIH and non-MIH children [ 35 ], but in that study atypical restorations were not included in the DMF scores, and therefore the prevalence of caries among MIH children may have been underestimated.…”

Prevalence of Hypersensitivity in Teeth Affected by Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH)

“…Therefore, the differentiation of the type of posteruptive breakdown, whether it was in enamel or in dentin, was paramount once the exposure of dentin is a cofounding factor for hypersensitivity. Not surprisingly, our results showed that 90.3% of the severe MIH-affected molars presented dentin carious lesions, which corroborates with the literature that shows that MIH-affected teeth are more prone to develop dental caries and that the more severe the condition is, the higher are the chances of a carious lesion to be detected [Americano et al, 2017;Grossi et al, 2017]. In addition, when the report of hypersensitivity in nonaffected molars was analyzed, it was observed that it occurred in only one molar.…”

Multilevel Analysis of Dental Caries in Swedish Children and Adolescents in Relation to Socioeconomic Status

“…The alternative dichotomizations of the caries indices, allowing decayed and/or filled teeth/lesions in the "healthy" reference group, were made because of the as- sumption that caries sometimes depends on the anatomy of the occlusal surfaces rather than unfavorable habits, or may have been a misclassification due to hypomineralization or fissure sealants [Grossi et al, 2017]. The results suggest that dental caries occurrence is heavily skewed with a large proportion of healthy individuals and a minor proportion of sick individuals, with associations with an unfavorable SES.…”