The Cardiorespiratory Effects of Haemorrhage and Overtransfusion in Dogs

Plasma glucagon levels in haemorrhagic shock

“…A blood-gas factor of 4 per cent was applied to the readings obtained with the 0, electrode (Adams et al, 1967) and blood pH, 0, and COI tensions were corrected for temperature (Kelman and Nunn, 1966); 0, saturation was derived from tension using a nomogram for dog blood (Rossing and Cain, 1966), and a value of 1.39 ml/g was used for the 0, combining of power haemoglobin (Sykes et al, 1971). Alveolar 0, was calculated from the alveolar air equation using gas tensions.…”

Physiology of the Airway

“…The solution to the problem of hypoxemia secondary to a large shunt is not increasing the FIO 2 but rather causing a reduction in the shunt (e.g., PEEP, patient value of 1.39 became popular. 93 After extensive human studies, Gregory observed in 1974 that the applicable value was 1.31 mL O 2 /g of Hb in human adults. 94 That the clinically measured CO 2 is lower than the theoretical 1.39 is probably due to the small amount of methemoglobin (MetHb) and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) normally present in blood.…”

What Is New in Blood-Gas Analysis?

“…where Hb is the haemoglobin concentration (g dl" 1 ), 5o 2 is the fractional oxygen saturation, F is the oxygen combining factor for haemoglobin (ml g" 1 ), Po 2 is the oxygen tension (kPa) and 5 is the solubility coefficient for oxygen in blood at 37 °C (normally 0.0225 ml dl" 1 kPa" 1 ). Unfortunately, the oxygen combining factor for haemoglobin, normally quoted as 1.39 ml g-1 (Sykes et al, 1970) based on the molecular weight of haemoglobin, has been shown to be variable and values as low as 1.30 have been quoted (Theye, 1970). Foex and colleagues (1970) suggested a value of l.Mmlg" 1 , as originally determined by Hufner (1894), and claimed that the discrepancy between their findings and the theoretical value of 1.39 was not the result of the presence of appreciable amounts of carboxyhaemoglobin or methaemoglobin.…”