The carcinogenicity of outdoor air pollution

Loomis, Dana; Grosse, Yann; Lauby‐Secretan, Béatrice; Ghissassi, Fatiha El; Bouvard, Véronique; Benbrahim‐Tallaa, Lamia; Guha, Neela; Baan, R.A.; Mattock, Heidi; Straif, Kurt

doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(13)70487-x

Cited by 1,064 publications

(596 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The studies included in this analysis were a key component of the epidemiological evidence reviewed by the IARC Working Group in its evaluation of the carcinogenicity of PM, as reported in IARC Monograph 109 (IARC, in press;Loomis et al 2013). Relevant studies were identified in several stages, beginning with a systematic search of PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the evidence was considered inconclusive regarding which specific components of the air pollution mixture are driving the increased risk (Samet and Cohen 2006). The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) recently concluded that exposure to outdoor air pollution and to particulate matter (PM) in outdoor air is carcinogenic to humans (IARC Group 1) and causes lung cancer (IARC, in press;Loomis et al 2013). Epidemiological studies of long-term residential exposure to outdoor air pollution in terms of PM played a critical role in IARC's evaluation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Outdoor Particulate Matter Exposure and Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hamra¹,

Guha²,

Cohen³

et al. 2014

Environ Health Perspect

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269

248

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Background: Particulate matter (PM) in outdoor air pollution was recently designated a Group I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). This determination was based on the evidence regarding the relationship of PM 2.5 and PM 10 to lung cancer risk; however, the IARC evaluation did not include a quantitative summary of the evidence. oBjective: Our goal was to provide a systematic review and quantitative summary of the evidence regarding the relationship between PM and lung cancer. Methods: We conducted meta-analyses of studies examining the relationship of exposure to PM 2.5 and PM 10 with lung cancer incidence and mortality. In total, 18 studies met our inclusion criteria and provided the information necessary to estimate the change in lung cancer risk per 10-μg/m 3 increase in exposure to PM. We used random-effects analyses to allow between-study variability to contribute to meta-estimates. results: The meta-relative risk for lung cancer associated with PM 2.5 was 1.09 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.14). The meta-relative risk of lung cancer associated with PM 10 was similar, but less precise: 1.08 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.17). Estimates were robust to restriction to studies that considered potential confounders, as well as subanalyses by exposure assessment method. Analyses by smoking status showed that lung cancer risk associated with PM 2.5 was greatest for former smokers [1.44 (95% CI: 1.04, 2.01)], followed by never-smokers [1.18 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.39)], and then current smokers

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor Particulate Matter Exposure and Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hamra¹,

Guha²,

Cohen³

et al. 2014

Environ Health Perspect

Self Cite

269

248

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Mainstream smoke consists of an aerosol containing liquid droplets (particulate phase) suspended in the gas vapor phase, which is generated by overlapping burning, pyrolysis, pyrosynthesis, distillation, sublimation, and condensation processes [37]. Second-hand smoke (SHS) is the sidestream smoke emitted from the burning of the tip of a cigarette [42,43] plus the smoke exhaled by active smokers. There are more than 3000 chemicals in SHS and more than 60 of them have been identified as toxicants or carcinogens [15,40,44,45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracheobronchial and Alveolar Particle Surface Area Doses in Smokers

et al. 2017

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Cigarette smoke is the main cause of lung cancer events. Mainstream cigarette smoke (MSS) is a direct concern for smokers, but also the secondhand smoke (SHS) contributes to the smoker exposure. In addition, smoker exposure is affected by the "free-smoke" particle exposure (B), related to the micro-environments where smokers spend time. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the daily alveolar and tracheobronchial deposited fractions of airborne particles for smokers as the sum of these three contributions: MSS, SHS, and B. Measurements of particle surface area distributions in the MSS were performed through a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer, an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer, and a Thermo-dilution system on five types of conventional cigarettes. A Monte Carlo method was then applied to evaluate the most probable value of dose received during the inhalation of MSS by smokers. Measurements of particle concentrations in SHS and at the "free-smoke" particle background (B) were performed through 24-h monitoring at a personal scale of adult smoker through hand-held devices. This paper found that the total daily deposited dose for typical smokers was 1.03 × 10 5 mm 2 ·day −1 . The main contribution of such a huge daily dose was addressable to the MSS (98%) while SHS contributed 1.1%, increasing up to 2% for people smoking only while traveling in a car.

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“…However, when indoor sources were present, I/O ratios for PM 10 and PM 2.5 ranged from 1.14 to 3.91 and 1 to 2.4, respectively, which stress the significance of indoor source contributions [12]. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the particulate matter components of air are classified as carcinogenic [13]. Influence of solid particles on human health depends mainly on the size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Matter Mass Concentration in Residential Prefabricated Buildings Related to Temperature and Moisture

Kraus

Šenitková

2017

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Abstract. Building environmental audit and the assessment of indoor air quality (IAQ) in typical residential buildings is necessary process to ensure users' health and well-being. The paper deals with the concentrations on indoor dust particles (PM 10 ) in the context of hygrothermal microclimate in indoor environment. The indoor temperature, relative humidity and air movement are basic significant factors determining the PM 10 concentration [g/m 3 ]. The experimental measurements in this contribution represent the impact of indoor physical parameters on the concentration of particulate matter mass concentration. The occurrence of dust particles is typical for the almost two-thirds of interiors of the buildings. Other parameters indoor environment, such as air change rate, volume of the room, roughness and porosity of the building material surfaces, static electricity, light ions and others, were set constant and they are not taken into account in this study. The mass concentration of PM 10 is measured during summer season in apartment of residential prefabricated building. The values of global temperature [°C] and relative humidity of indoor air [%] are also monitored. The quantity of particulate mass matter is determined gravimetrically by weighing according to CSN EN 12 341 (2014). The obtained results show that the temperature difference of the internal environment does not have a significant effect on the concentration PM 10 . Vice versa, the difference of relative humidity exhibits a difference of the concentration of dust particles. Higher levels of indoor particulates are observed for low values of relative humidity. The decreasing of relative air humidity about 10% caused 10µg/m 3 of PM 10 concentration increasing. The hygienic limit value of PM 10 concentration is not exceeded at any point of experimental measurement.

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The carcinogenicity of outdoor air pollution

Cited by 1,064 publications

References 9 publications

Outdoor Particulate Matter Exposure and Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Outdoor Particulate Matter Exposure and Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Tracheobronchial and Alveolar Particle Surface Area Doses in Smokers

Particulate Matter Mass Concentration in Residential Prefabricated Buildings Related to Temperature and Moisture

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