The capsaicin analog nonivamide decreases total energy intake from a standardized breakfast and enhances plasma serotonin levels in moderately overweight men after administered in an oral glucose tolerance test: A randomized, crossover trial

Abstract

Addition of 0.15 mg nonivamide to a glucose solution reduced ad libitum energy intake from a standardized breakfast in moderately overweight men.

Appetite‐Inducing Effects of Homoeriodictyol: Two Randomized, Cross‐Over Interventions

“…The performance of an oral glucose tolerance test has been evaluated as a suitable tool to investigate the ghrelin secretion in humans . Our data indicate that HED exerts its appetizing effects only when it is administered in combination with a caloric load.…”

“…Volunteers consumed the breakfast until satiation. The remaining food was weighed, and ad libitum energy intake as well as macronutrient intake was calculated by means of the German Food code and nutrient data base `Bundeslebensmittelschlüssel BLS II’ according to Hochkogler et al…”

“…The two study designs were chosen as it was not clear from the literature whether NaHED would have an impact on food intake and associated plasma hormones in the presence or absence of a standardized caloric load. The study design has been chosen according to recently published works revealing the impact of another aroma compound, nonivamide, on food intake and satiety‐associated hormones in healthy adults …”

Cinnamyl Isobutyrate Decreases Plasma Glucose Levels and Total Energy Intake from a Standardized Breakfast: A Randomized, Crossover Intervention

“…The meal comprised four rolls, four slices of dark bread, four slices of ham and cheese, 100 g honey and strawberry jam, 80 g butter, 180 g berry yogurt, 50 g coffee cream, 20 g sugar as well as 200 mL of coffee or tea and water as desired. The quantity consumed was determined by weighing the remaining food, in order to calculate the ad libitum energy and macronutrient intake using the German Food Code and nutrient database “Bundeslebens mittelschlüssel,” according to Hochkogler et al . Apart from assessing the potential impact on satiation, which determines the size of a meal, participants were asked to document their diet using provided forms by estimating their food intake on both study days for 24 h post‐intervention to evaluate an influence on satiety, describing the inter‐meal period following the end of an eating episode .…”

“…Additionally, ghrelin, glucagon‐like‐peptide1 (GLP‐1), PYY 3–36 , and serotonin concentrations were measured in the plasma as orexigenic and anorexigenic markers. The crossover study design in this short‐term intervention trial was conducted based on previous works which reported an impact of other aroma active food constituents on food intake and hormonal regulation of satiety …”