The Canadian Temporary Visa Programme as an Alternative to the European Guest Worker Scheme

The Caribbean Migrant Farm Worker Programme in Ontario: Seasonal Expansion of West Indian Economic Spaces

“…Although Marr ( 1985) compared Canada's temporary visa programme to the European guest worker scheme, the farm workers' programme, although mentioned, was not analyzed as such. Similarly, Boyd, Taylor and Delaney (1986) included agricultural workers in their mainly statistical study of types of temporary workers in Canada, but made no specific analysis of the offshore farm programme.…”

The Feminization of Temporary Workers: The Canadian Case*

“…Beginning in 1979, the records have formed part of the Nonimmigrant Data System of the Immigration Division of the Canada Employment and Immigration Commission (CEIC), and data on the number of documents issued are found in the annual immigration statistics reports of CEIC after 1979. A small but growing number of studies have analysed these data for select years (Marr, 1985;Wong, 1984) as well as over a longer period (Boyd, Taylor and Delaney, 1987 ;Marr, 1985 : Table 1). A major innovation within the CEIC has been the conversion of the documents data to the person-years associated with the documents, and this measure appears in several of the studies (1) (Boyd, Taylor and Delaney, 1987;Marr, 1985).…”

“…A small but growing number of studies have analysed these data for select years (Marr, 1985;Wong, 1984) as well as over a longer period (Boyd, Taylor and Delaney, 1987 ;Marr, 1985 : Table 1). A major innovation within the CEIC has been the conversion of the documents data to the person-years associated with the documents, and this measure appears in several of the studies (1) (Boyd, Taylor and Delaney, 1987;Marr, 1985). Table 1 (see page 728) provides an overview of the characteristics of the temporary worker flow to Canada, using employment authorization documents transformed into person-years (2).…”

“…As a result of these assumptions, until recently little was known about women's migratory experiences and their labour market activity even though women increasingly make up a significant proportion of the migrating population, are sometimes the first to migrate, and often are in the labour force (Simon and Brettell, 1986;Ranney and Kossoudji, 1985 : 1 120;Power, 1979: 7). Recent research which focuses on the experience of migrant women throughout the world (for examples, see: Simon and Brettell, 1986;International Migration, 198 1 ;International Migration Review, 1984;Phizacklea, 1983) and in Canada (Amopolous, 1979;Boyd, 1975;1976;1982;1985;1986 ;Canada, Employment and Immigration, 198 lc;Ng and Ramirez, 198 1) attests to the need to include migrant women as subjects of investigation and to include sex as a variable in analyses of migration. Canadian data on employment authorizations additionally confirm the need to move away from a unisex analysis to one which includes sex as basis of considerable differentiation among temporary workers.…”

“…'Validated' refers to those authorizations which are issued once the employment which is offered to the would-be worker is certified by the Canada Employment Centre as not adversely affecting the employment and career opportunities of Canadians. This procedure is based on twofold intent to protect the Canadian worker and to ensure that Canadian employers have access to skills not immediately available from the domestic labour market (Boyd, Taylor and Delaney, 1986;1987;Man;1985). As such, validated employment authorizations capture the labour recruitment component of Canada's temporary worker program.…”