The Burden of Infections by Parainfluenza Virus in Hospitalized Children in Spain

Abstract

We designed a prospective study to describe the clinical impact of the parainfluenza viruse (PIV) types detected in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infections from September 2008 to August 2010 in Spain. PIV infections were a significant proportion of viral respiratory detections (11.8% of cases). PIV types 3 and 4 were most commonly detected. There were clinical differences between PIV and respiratory syncytial virus infections.

Burden, Etiology, and Risk Factors of Respiratory Virus Infections Among Symptomatic Preterm Infants in the Tropics: A Retrospective Single-Center Cohort Study

“…Viruses such as PIV, influenza, and HMPV were important contributors to infection and rehospitalization of our preterm infants, accounting for 30% of diagnosed RVIs. This concurs with previous observations of PIV and HMPV as important pathogens in this population [11,12,14,33]. Specifically, apart from RSV, we noted PIV and rhinovirus to be common in the predischarge period, accounting for up to 45% of all RVIs [8].…”

“…PIV infections can result in lower respiratory tract infections with significant morbidity [34,35]. However, in comparison to RSV, symptoms of PIV were reportedly less severe, with less hypoxia and less need for intensive care [12]. Data on burden and age-specific distribution of RSV will be critical in informing RSV immunization public health policy and prioritization of research.…”

“…Most available studies have also focused on RSV-related disease burden in this population. Reports on other viruses such as parainfluenza virus (PIV), rhinovirus, and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) have not been widely reported [11][12][13]. Ongoing transmission of these viruses has been demonstrated during nonoutbreak situations in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and postdischarge [6,8,14,15].…”

Three-Year Study of Viral Etiology and Features of Febrile Respiratory Tract Infections in Japanese Pediatric Outpatients

“…First, the number of patients was relatively small because the study was conducted at a single center. Second, other common respiratory viruses (eg, coronaviruses 3,4,[8][9][10]24,25,26,[35][36][37] and PIV type 4 1,4,6,[8][9][10]13,15,38,39 ) were not tested via the real-time PCR assay. Finally, it is necessary to determine more reliable cutoff values for RV and EV infections.…”

Human parainfluenza virus in patients with influenza‐like illness from Central and South America during 2006–2010

“…While some studies restricted their analyses to hospitalized patients, we considered hospitalization an outcome variable used to stratify severity of infection observed in the outpatient setting, although we were not able to be follow subjects as inpatients, a limitation of this study. As described by others, we found that those under 5 years old had higher hospitalization rates, probably because their respiratory and immune systems are still immature, predisposing to more severe respiratory infections .…”