Burden, Etiology, and Risk Factors of Respiratory Virus Infections Among Symptomatic Preterm Infants in the Tropics: A Retrospective Single-Center Cohort Study

Yeo, Kee Thai; Puerta, R. de la; Tee, Nancy Wen Sim; Thoon, Koh Cheng; Rajadurai, Victor Samuel; Yung, Chee Fu

doi:10.1093/cid/ciy311

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Prior studies on the prevalence of respiratory pathogens have mainly focused on high risk groups such as infants and hospitalized patients or special populations, such as military recruits ( Jiang et al., 2017 ; Lau et al., 2018 ; Tan et al., 2014 ; Yeo et al., 2018 ). This study provides insights into the circulation of respiratory pathogens in febrile adults who sought medical attention at one out of five primary healthcare clinics in Singapore from December 2007 to February 2013.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology of febrile respiratory infections in the general adult population in Singapore, 2007–2013

Chen

Mah

Low

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Pathogens that cause upper respiratory infections are numerous and specific preventive and therapeutic strategies are scarce. In order to ascertain the etiological agents resulting in upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in adults in Singapore, nasal swab samples were collected from 2057 patients presenting with fever at primary healthcare clinics in Singapore from December 2007 to February 2013. Samples were tested using the Luminex NxTAG Respiratory Pathogen Panel that includes 22 respiratory pathogen targets. Patient-reported symptoms and vital signs were recorded and full blood and differential counts taken. Pathogens were detected in the following order of frequency: influenza viruses, rhino-/enteroviruses, coronaviruses, parainfluenza viruses, pneumoviruses, adenovirus, bocavirus and C. pneumoniae . Fifteen virus species were detected as part of coinfections, in which rhinoviruses were the most commonly observed pathogen. Our results suggest that influenza viruses are the main etiological agents, but multiple other respiratory viruses contribute to the total burden of URTI in adults in Singapore.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology of febrile respiratory infections in the general adult population in Singapore, 2007–2013

Chen

Mah

Low

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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“…A national study from Taiwan reported that a history of BPD was associated with a 1.8-14.4-fold increased risk of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) compared to gestation and age-matched controls [80]. Acute care use for respiratory viral infections is also more likely to occur in younger infants [80,96]. In addition to short-term outcomes, significant respiratory infections may have long-term consequences as well, although long-term data are limited for preterm infants with respiratory disease.…”

Section: Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of environmental exposures on preterm lung disease

Collaco¹,

Aoyama²,

Rice³

et al. 2021

Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine

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Introduction: Environmental factors play a critical role in the progression or resolution of chronic respiratory diseases. However, studies are limited on the impact of environmental risk factors on individuals born prematurely with lung disease after they leave the neonatal intensive care unit and are discharged into the home environment. Areas covered:In this review, we cover current knowledge of environmental exposures that impact outcomes of preterm respiratory disease, including air pollution, infections, and disparities. The limited data do suggest that certain exposures should be avoided and there are potential preventative strategies for other exposures. There is a need for additional research outside the neonatal intensive care unit that focuses on individual and community-level factors that affect long-term outcomes.Expert opinion: Preterm respiratory disease can impose a significant burden on infants, children, and young adults born prematurely, but may improve for many individuals over time. In this review, we outline the exposures that may potentially hasten, delay, or prevent resolution of lung injury in preterm children.

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“…Respiratory viruses such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza, human rhinoviruses (HRV), human seasonal coronaviruses, and SARS-CoV-2 can lead to serious respiratory disease and mortality (19)(20)(21). Respiratory viral illness severity ranges from asymptomatic carriage, mild upper respiratory tract symptoms (common cold) to severe pneumonia, bronchiolitis and acute exacerbations of asthma or COPD which can be life-threatening (22).…”

Section: The Link Between Respiratory Viruses and Ifnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: The Nose as a Route for Therapy. Part 2 Immunotherapy

et al. 2021

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The nose provides a route of access to the body for inhalants and fluids. Unsurprisingly it has a strong immune defense system, with involvement of innate (e.g., epithelial barrier, muco- ciliary clearance, nasal secretions with interferons, lysozyme, nitric oxide) and acquired (e.g., secreted immunoglobulins, lymphocytes) arms. The lattice network of dendritic cells surrounding the nostrils allows rapid uptake and sampling of molecules able to negotiate the epithelial barrier. Despite this many respiratory infections, including SARS-CoV2, are initiated through nasal mucosal contact, and the nasal mucosa is a significant “reservoir” for microbes including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and SARS -CoV-2. This review includes consideration of the augmentation of immune defense by the nasal application of interferons, then the reduction of unnecessary inflammation and infection by alteration of the nasal microbiome. The nasal mucosa and associated lymphoid tissue (nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue, NALT) provides an important site for vaccine delivery, with cold-adapted live influenza strains (LAIV), which replicate intranasally, resulting in an immune response without significant clinical symptoms, being the most successful thus far. Finally, the clever intranasal application of antibodies bispecific for allergens and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1) as a topical treatment for allergic and RV-induced rhinitis is explained.

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Burden, Etiology, and Risk Factors of Respiratory Virus Infections Among Symptomatic Preterm Infants in the Tropics: A Retrospective Single-Center Cohort Study

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Etiology of febrile respiratory infections in the general adult population in Singapore, 2007–2013

Etiology of febrile respiratory infections in the general adult population in Singapore, 2007–2013

Influences of environmental exposures on preterm lung disease

Review: The Nose as a Route for Therapy. Part 2 Immunotherapy

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