The Brazilian cash transfer program (Bolsa Família): A tool for reducing inequalities and achieving social rights in Brazil

Neves, José Anael; Vasconcelos, Francisco de Assis Guedes de; Machado, Mick Lennon; Recine, Elisabetta; Garcia, Giselle Silva; Medeiros, Maria Angélica Tavares de

doi:10.1080/17441692.2020.1850828

Cited by 46 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In the analysis of participation in governmental income transfer programs, which was also associated with MSFI, such programs are suggested to have achieved public priorities [22,23]. Given the large portion of the interviewees in the present study who reported monetary transfers from the Programa Bolsa Família (Family Allowance Program) as the only source of income, FI would likely be greater without such programs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Although the trajectory of this program is related to a reduction in social inequalities in Brazil, structural disparities persist in the territories (regions, states, and municipalities). Income transfer alone is insufficient to interrupt poverty; in the sphere of public policies, it is also necessary to qualify services related to cross-compliance and expand intersectoral interventions targeting vulnerable populations [23,25,26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Brazil is currently passing through a period marked by austerity policies, which weaken existing social protection policies [44]. It is, therefore, necessary to place food insecurity and the human right to adequate, healthy food on the agenda of different governmental courts of Brazil, for the enforcement of public policies for combating hunger and poverty [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hunger and Its Associated Factors in an Urban Cluster in the Western Brazilian Amazon: A Population-Based Study

Mata¹,

Neves²,

Medeiros³

2021

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Background: Hunger affects millions of people worldwide. In the current pandemic scenario of COVID-19, Brazil experienced an epidemic peak of hunger, amplifying existing pre-pandemic vulnerabilities, mainly in the Northern Region of the Country. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of food insecurity and its associated factors in homes with children under five years of age in an urban cluster of a municipality of the Western Brazilian Amazon. Methods: A household survey was conducted with a probabilistic sample of 557 children and their families. Food insecurity (FI) was determined using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Associations between variables were analyzed based on the prevalence ratio (PR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated through multiple Poisson regression analysis. Variables with a p -value <0.05 after adjustments were considered significantly associated with the outcome. Results: A high prevalence of food insecurity was found among the families in the study (76.47%, PR=1.90, CI: 1.36-2.67, p <0.001); 42.90% had moderate (PR=1.93, CI: 1.31-2.83, p <0.01) and severe FI (PR=1.41, CI: 1.10-1.83, p <0.02), which was associated with low family income, participation in governmental income transfer programs, and heads of households with less than seven years of schooling. Moreover, substantial frequencies of height deficit and overweight were found among the children. Conclusions: The high prevalence of hunger and food insecurity and its associated factors reflects the context of geographic isolation and social exclusion in which these families live, suggesting that a substantial portion of the population under five years of age had experienced episodes of hunger in the 90 days prior to the survey. The high prevalence of height deficit and overweight among the children reveals a scenario of epidemiological/nutritional polarization, requiring the formulation of specific public policies for this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hunger and Its Associated Factors in an Urban Cluster in the Western Brazilian Amazon: A Population-Based Study

Mata¹,

Neves²,

Medeiros³

2021

Preprint

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“…Models included the sociodemographic, environmental, gestational, and neonatal covariates listed in S2 Fig and described in detail in S1 Text. We note that: (i) one of the socioeconomic covariates is whether the mother is beneficiary of the Bolsa Família program [31] because this Federal conditional cash transfer strategy targets selectively low-income families although not necessarily all poor families participate in it; (ii) gestational night blindness [32] was used as a proxy of vitamin A deficiency; (iii) gestational weight gain was categorized as insufficient, adequate, or excessive as described in [33], and (iv) gestational age at birth was estimated as described in [34]. Variables associated with the outcome at a significance level <20% in unadjusted analysis were further assessed in negative binomial models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-level Plasmodium vivax exposure, maternal antibodies, and anemia in early childhood: Population-based birth cohort study in Amazonian Brazil

et al. 2021

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Background Malaria causes significant morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa and the Asia-Pacific region. Neonates and young infants remain relatively protected from clinical disease and the transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies is hypothesized as one of the protective factors. The adverse health effects of Plasmodium vivax malaria in early childhood–traditionally viewed as a benign infection–remain largely neglected in relatively low-endemicity settings across the Amazon. Methodology/Principal findings Overall, 1,539 children participating in a birth cohort study in the main transmission hotspot of Amazonian Brazil had a questionnaire administered, and blood sampled at the two-year follow-up visit. Only 7.1% of them experienced malaria confirmed by microscopy during their first 2 years of life– 89.1% of the infections were caused by P. vivax. Young infants appear to be little exposed to, or largely protected from infection, but children >12 months of age become as vulnerable to vivax malaria as their mothers. Few (1.4%) children experienced ≥4 infections during the 2-year follow-up, accounting for 43.4% of the overall malaria burden among study participants. Antenatal malaria diagnosed by microscopy during pregnancy or by PCR at delivery emerged as a significant correlate of subsequent risk of P. vivax infection in the offspring (incidence rate ratio, 2.58; P = 0.002), after adjusting for local transmission intensity. Anti-P. vivax antibodies measured at delivery do not protect mothers from subsequent malaria; whether maternal antibodies transferred to the fetus reduce early malaria risk in children remains undetermined. Finally, recent and repeated vivax malaria episodes in early childhood are associated with increased risk of anemia at the age of 2 years in this relatively low-endemicity setting. Conclusions/Significance Antenatal infection increases the risk of vivax malaria in the offspring and repeated childhood P. vivax infections are associated with anemia at the age of 2 years.

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“…Diferentes estudos têm demonstrado impacto positivo para a segurança alimentar e nutricional das famílias acompanhadas, sobretudo em relação ao acesso à alimentação 2,3 . A ampliação do acesso a direitos sociais básicos favorece a redução da vulnerabilidade social das famílias, impactando na situação de insegurança alimentar e nutricional, cujo enfrentamento requer uma abordagem intersetorial, de modo a incidir sobre seus múltiplos determinantes 2,3,4 . No entanto, esse potencial das condicionalidades do Programa Bolsa Família depende da disponibilidade destes serviços, assim como da qualidade das ações ofertadas 5 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Condicionalidades de saúde no Programa Bolsa Família e a vigilância alimentar e nutricional: narrativas de profissionais da atenção primária à saúde

et al. 2021

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Resumo: Buscou-se compreender as narrativas dos profissionais da atenção primária à saúde do Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, sobre os desafios e as potencialidades das ações de vigilância alimentar e nutricional, no contexto do Programa Bolsa Família, frente aos limites de sua implementação. Trata-se de pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, avaliativa e participativa. Foram realizados, entre 2018 e 2019, cinco grupos focais (GF) com 60 profissionais de nível superior de 24 unidades de saúde e um GF com 13 agentes comunitários de saúde. Com base no material transcrito dos GF foram construídas narrativas para cada grupo, produzindo uma síntese dos núcleos argumentais presentes nas falas. Posteriormente, foram realizados cinco grupos hermenêuticos para validação das narrativas e aprofundamento das discussões. No último encontro foram identificados os problemas e propostas relacionadas ao acompanhamento do Programa Bolsa Família. Na prática, o acompanhamento das condicionalidades é reduzido a “pesar e medir” as pessoas, sem que necessariamente se realize o diagnóstico nutricional para identificação de casos de risco e intervenção. Práticas como o “mutirão” no final da vigência do Programa Bolsa Família e a realização de medidas antropométricas pelos agentes comunitários de saúde, sem vinculação com a agenda das linhas de cuidado existentes, contribuem para este cenário. Prevalece uma visão burocrática dessas condicionalidades de saúde, apenas para garantir que a família não tenha o benefício cortado e o cumprimento das metas de gestão do Programa Bolsa Família. Ao longo da pesquisa, os profissionais construíram uma reflexão crítica desta prática e reconheceram sua potencialidade para o cuidado em saúde e nutrição das famílias.

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The Brazilian cash transfer program (Bolsa Família): A tool for reducing inequalities and achieving social rights in Brazil

Cited by 46 publications

References 67 publications

Hunger and Its Associated Factors in an Urban Cluster in the Western Brazilian Amazon: A Population-Based Study

Hunger and Its Associated Factors in an Urban Cluster in the Western Brazilian Amazon: A Population-Based Study

Low-level Plasmodium vivax exposure, maternal antibodies, and anemia in early childhood: Population-based birth cohort study in Amazonian Brazil

Condicionalidades de saúde no Programa Bolsa Família e a vigilância alimentar e nutricional: narrativas de profissionais da atenção primária à saúde

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