The Biosecurity Continuum and Trade: Pre-border Operations

Sequeira, Ron; Griffin, Ronald C.

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7365-3_5

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The IPPC capacity development section provides support to update older legislations, but the acceptance of such revised legislation by Parliaments may still be a slow process. In the short term it may be most effective to introduce regulations and policy that amend existing legislation (Sequeira and Griffin, 2014) or to promote good practice among producers. Our study has likely missed aspects of some countries' phytosanitary policies because of our focus on legislation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Implementation of phytosanitary regulations is part of the NPPOs tasks as set out in the legislation (Sequeira and Griffin, 2014), but application of phytosanitary measures and thus the primary mitigating actions against quarantine is primarily done by producers. The engagement of producers in the implementation of phytosanitary measures through education and guidance from the NPPO is therefore of great importance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pest risk analyses are a common basis for establishing quarantine pest lists, but in cases where they are only carried out on organisms that are known or suspected to be harmful, they poorly contribute to the mitigation of the risk posed by unknown, poorly known or underestimated pests (Simberloff, 2005;Kenis et al, 2007). A good pest risk analysis should capture and highlight the uncertainty associated with poorly known or underestimated pests and can be performed well, even if based on little or unreliable data (Sequeira and Griffin, 2014). Pathway risk analysis may be a more appropriate approach for imported commodities such as P4P than pest-bypest risk analysis, as different commodities will have different risks for the same pests and a single commodity may be a potential pathway for many pests (Evans, 2010).…”

Section: Pest Risk Analysis and Pathway Risk Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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International variation in phytosanitary legislation and regulations governing importation of plants for planting

Eschen

Britton

Brockerhoff

et al. 2015

Environmental Science & Policy

110

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pest Risk Analysis and Pathway Risk Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

International variation in phytosanitary legislation and regulations governing importation of plants for planting

Eschen

Britton

Brockerhoff

et al. 2015

Environmental Science & Policy

110

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“…These inspections are not usually considered as a phytosanitary measure in itself to reduce infestation of consignments or to prevent the entry of pests and diseases (Sequeira and Griffin 2014). The import inspections are a central tool in biosecurity, but in most cases only a fraction of the plants in a consignment can be inspected and not all pests can be detected.…”

Section: Original Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytosanitary inspection of woody plants for planting at European Union entry points: a practical enquiry

et al. 2015

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Phytosanitary import inspections are important to avoid entry of harmful pests on live plants. In the European Union (EU), all consignments of live plants must be inspected at the first point of entry, and plants allowed entry can be moved without further inspection among the 28 Member States and Switzerland. It is important that inspections in EU countries adhere to the same standard to avoid introduction of harmful organisms through countries with weaker methods. We tested whether sampling intensity and confidence in the inspection results were the same across these countries. Questionnaires were sent to inspectors in all countries, asking about inspections of individual consignments of woody plants for planting. Data about 102 lots, inspected at 13 points of entry in six countries, were analyzed. We used hypergeometric and binomial statistics for small and large consignments, respectively, to calculate the probability that \1 % of the plants were infested. The duration of the inspection increased with lot size, but the probability that the infestation level was below 1 % of the plants was lower for small than for large lots. Moreover, large international differences in inspection intensity and the probability that the inspections could detect a level of infestation below 1 % were found: the probability was consistently above 0.95 in one country, while the average probability was below 0.6 in the other countries. We suggest that the EU Member States adopt common maximum acceptable infestation levels and harmonized, statistics-based sampling protocols for plants for planting.

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“…Research that allows regulatory authorities to make rational evidence-based decisions about biosecurity risks (pathways and pest species) posed by arrivals of tourists, freight, machinery and biological material is essential to these aims. Soil frequently occurs as a contaminant on transported items, is widely recognised as a vector for non-native species, and is often the target of management practices that aim to minimise the spread of IAS (Catley 1980, Sequeira and Griffin 2014, Eschen et al 2015, Migliorini et al 2015. However, knowledge of the biosecurity hazards that can be vectored in transported soil, their relative survival rates on different pathways, and their establishment probabilities is currently insufficient to support optimal policy and management decisions (Brunel et al 2014, Hulme 2015, Singh et al 2015.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining the biosecurity risk posed by transported soil: Effects of storage time and environmental exposure on survival of soil biota

McNeill¹,

Phillips²,

Robinson³

et al. 2017

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Soil frequently occurs as a contaminant on numerous sea, land and air transport pathways. It can carry unwanted invasive species, is widely recognized as a biosecurity risk, and is usually strictly regulated by biosecurity authorities. However, little is known about relative risk levels between pathways, thus authorities have limited capability to identify and target the riskiest soil pathways for management. We conducted a an experiment to test the hypotheses that biosecurity risks from soil organisms will increase both with declining transport duration and with increasing protection from environmental extremes. Soil was collected from two sites, a native forest remnant and an orchard, and stored on, in and under sea containers, or in cupboards, and assayed after 0, 3, 6 and 12 months for bacteria, fungi, nematodes and seeds.Results showed that viability of Pseudomonas spp., bacteria, nematodes and plants declined over 12 months, irrespective of soil source. Also, mortality of most biota was higher when exposed to sunlight, moisture and desiccation than when protected. However, bacterial and fungal numbers were higher in exposed environments, possibly due to ongoing colonization of exposed soil by airborne propagules. The results were consistent with our observations of organisms in soil intercepted from airports and sea ports, and indicated there is potential to rank risks from transported soils based partly on transport duration and environmental exposure. This would help authorities to optimally allocate management resources according to pathway-specific risks. McNeill et al. / NeoBiota 32: 65-88 (2017) 66 Copyright

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The Biosecurity Continuum and Trade: Pre-border Operations

Cited by 18 publications

References 2 publications

International variation in phytosanitary legislation and regulations governing importation of plants for planting

International variation in phytosanitary legislation and regulations governing importation of plants for planting

Phytosanitary inspection of woody plants for planting at European Union entry points: a practical enquiry

Defining the biosecurity risk posed by transported soil: Effects of storage time and environmental exposure on survival of soil biota

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