The Biology of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Its Application in Oral Surgery: Literature Review

Abstract

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a new approach in tissue regeneration and a developing area for clinicians and researchers. It is used in various surgical fields, including oral and maxillofacial surgery. PRP is prepared from the patient's own blood and contains growth factors that influence wound healing. Of these growth factors, platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, and epidermal growth factor play a pivotal role in tissue repair mechanisms. Although the growth factors and mechanisms involved are still poorly understood, the easy application of PRP in the clinic and its possible beneficial outcome, including reduction of bleeding, rapid soft tissue healing, and bone regeneration, hold promise for new treatment approaches. However, animal studies and human trials demonstrate conflicting results regarding the application of PRP. Therefore the aim of this literature review is to evaluate the scientific evidence regarding the use of PRP in dentistry, to describe the different bioactive substances included in PRP and their participation in the healing process, to elucidate the different techniques and available technology for PRP preparation, to review animal and human studies, to clarify risks, and to provide guidance for future research.

Is there any association between mycosis fungoides and Th-1, Th-2 cytokines and transforming growth factor-beta 1 gene polymorphisms?

“…The interaction between these bioactive proteins and receptors has a key role in the process of wound healing 7,8 . PRP is used in the treatment of chronic cutaneous and soft tissue ulcerations and especially in periodontal and oral surgery, maxillofacial surgery, orthopedic and traumatic surgery, cosmetic and plastic surgery, spinal surgery, heart by-pass surgery, and in burns [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] . The purpose of our study was to examine the histopathological effects of topical PRP and PPP treatments in wound healing on rats with partial thickness wounds.…”

A Cell-free Scaffold-based Cartilage Repair Provides Improved Function Hyaline-like Repair at One year

“…Polymers like PGA-hyaluronan for in vivo cartilage tissue repair reportedly gave rise to hyaline cartilage in animal studies [7,8] and in clinical applications [22,38]. PRP has been used in trauma and orthopaedic surgery [1,27,30] because it is an autologous source of various growth factors [21]. Injection of PRP in 115 knees with chronic degenerative symptoms reduced pain and improved knee function and quality of life in younger patients as assessed by International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and visual analog scale (VAS) score at 1 and 2 years of followup [6,17].…”

Human platelet‐rich plasma stimulates migration and chondrogenic differentiation of human subchondral progenitor cells

“…14 PRP contains high amounts of growth factors, which are available in the a-granules and can be delivered continuously by activation of the platelets. 15 Amongst others, the a-granules may release growth factors such as PDGF, transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB), IGF1, platelet-derived angiogenesis factor (PDAF), VEGF, and epidermal growth factor (EGF). 16,17 In addition, chemokines are released like CCL3, CCL5, CCL 7, CCL 17, or CXCL 1 and CXCL 12 that may lead to the migration of progenitor cells from the bone marrow.…”