Human platelet‐rich plasma stimulates migration and chondrogenic differentiation of human subchondral progenitor cells

Abstract

In cartilage repair, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is used in one-step approaches utilizing microfracture and matrix-induced chondrogenesis procedures, bone marrow-derived cell transplantation, or intra-articular injection. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of human PRP on the migration and chondrogenic differentiation of human subchondral progenitors. Human progenitors were derived from subchondral cortico-spongious bone (CSP), were analyzed for their migration capacity upon PRP treatment in 96-well chemotaxis assays and cultured in high-density pellet cultures under serum-free conditions in the presence of 5% PRP. Chemotaxis assays showed that 0.1-100% PRP significantly (p < 0.05) stimulate the migration of CSP compared to untreated controls. Histological staining of proteoglycan and immuno-staining of type II collagen indicated that progenitors stimulated with PRP show significantly increased cartilage matrix formation compared to untreated progenitors. Real-time gene expression analysis of typical chondrocyte marker genes as well as osteogenic and adipogenic markers like osteocalcin and fatty acid binding protein showed that PRP induces the chondrogenic differentiation sequence of human progenitors in high-density pellet cultures, while osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation was not evident. These results suggest that human PRP may enhance the migration and stimulate the chondrogenic differentiation of human subchondral progenitor cells known from microfracture. ß

Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) contained in Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) stimulates migration of osteoblasts by reorganizing actin cytoskeleton

“…SaOS-2 cell line, was shown by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction to express both PDGF-a and -b receptors. 15 Several other types of cells, beside osteoblasts, have been shown to acquire migration capacity and in some cases to undergo cytoskeletal changes when primed with PDGF: among them hepatic stellate cells, 23 marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, 24 malignant mesothelioma cells, 25 subchondral progenitors, 26 gingival fibroblasts. 27 The clinical use of PRP has recently experienced a surge in different indications and in particular in the procedures involving healing and tissue regeneration, as in dental and oral surgery, 9 in bone deficiency healing, 3,7,10 in the treatment for tendon and ligament injuries, 8,11 in the pathologic processes of articular cartilage.…”

Knee cartilage defect: marrow stimulating techniques

“…Some studies have shown better results with the addition of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to the conventional microfracture or drilling techniques. [29,42] Specimens treated with PRP show improved staining for type II collagen and proteoglycans, when compared to untreated specimens [43].…”

Effects of intra-articular injection of mesenchymal stem cells associated with platelet-rich plasma in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis

“…Some in vitro studies have shown that PRP and MSCs can act synergistically to promote tissue regeneration (Mishra et al, 2009;Van Pham et al, 2013). The "chemoattractant" property of PRP may lead to recruitment of other cell types that will migrate to damaged tissues, thereby stimulating repair responses (Krüger et al, 2012).…”