The Biological Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Mango Plant Extract and Its Anti-Candida Effects

Abstract

Introduction: In recent years, using plant products alone and along with metal nanoparticles has been widely considered in preventing or killing pathogens including fungi. Increasing the use of chemical drugs has increased the resistance of pathogenic fungi. The present study aimed at investigating the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles by mango plant extract and its anti-Candida effects. Materials and Methods: First, the Indian mangoes were bought from the Isfahan fruit and vegetable market and the kernel were extracted. Then, the nanoparticles synthesis was conducted on mango cores and the synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated using a UV-VIS, X-ray diffraction (XRD) machine and a transient electron microscope. In this study, the anti-Candida effects of mango core nanoparticles was evaluated on 21 clinical isolates and 3 standard strains of Candida including Candida albicans PPTCC 5027, Candida glabrata PTCC 5297 and Candida krusei PTCC 5295 using a quantitative micro dilution method (serial dilution in tubes). For data analysis, ANOVA test and SPSS version 22 software were used at the significance level of P ≤ 0.05. Duncan test was also used to analyze the groups. Results: Based on the results, the synthesized nanoparticles were cubic and 65 nm in size. Among the clinical isolates, C. albicans with the frequency of 52.38% and C. glabrata with the frequency of 4.76% had the highest and lowest frequency among the 21 clinical isolates. C. glabrata had the most sensitivity with the quantitative serial dilution method (microdilution) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fungal growth (0.016 mg/mL) and the minimum lethal concentration of fungi (0.032 mg/mL) against the nanoparticles of mango core (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: The inhibitory effect of the mango core nanoparticles after fluconazole on the majority of clinical and standard strains of Candida had a direct relationship with the increasing concentrations of this substance. However, further studies are required for determining the effect of this bio-nanoparticle on the treatment of Candida infections in human beings.

Synthesis of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles (AgCl-NPs) Using a Pulicaria vulgaris Gaertn. Aerial Part Extract and Their Application as Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antioxidant Agents

“…MFC values of these AgCl-NPs were 80 and 100 µ g/mL for C. glabrata and C. albicans, respectively ( Figure 7B). These results were in agreement with Salati et al [42], who investigated biological synthesis of AgNPs by a mango plant extract, and their anti-Candida effects. They reported that biogenic AgNPs were most effective against C. glabrata as compared to C. albicans.…”

Expression Analysis of the <i>Candida albicans KEX2, SAP1, CDR1</i> and <i>LIP1</i>genes Influenced by Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles

“…The secretion of hydrolytic enzymes is reported to play an important role in the pathogenicity of Candida. The adhesions, lipases and Saps are encoded by LIP and SAP genes (SAPT1-4), respectively [42]. Metwally et al [43] stated that lipase gene expression was reduced by Pluchea dioscoridis leaf extract from 100% to 7% and 19% than that obtained from untreated A. niger as documented by quantitative RT-PCR analysis, and consequently the lipase enzyme activity that play a role in the pathogenecity of A. niger in otomycosis infection.…”

Biogenic Preparation and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles from Seed Kernel of Mangifera indica and Their Antibacterial Potential against Shigella spp.

“…Several studies have reported mango seed kernels for anti-enteric [ 12 ], antibacterial [ 13 ], antidiarrheal, anti-salmonella [ 14 ], and antioxidant properties [ 15 ]. The AgNPs have been effectively biosynthesized using various parts of the mango, including the peel [ 16 ], leaves [ 17 ], the flower [ 18 ], and the kernel [ 19 ]. However, AgNPs synthesis using mango kernels for efficacy against Shigella species is yet to be reported.…”