No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Miniaturized atmospheric pressure glow discharges (APGDs) were generated in contact with small sized flowing liquid cathode systems. As anodes a solid pin electrode or a miniature flow Ar microjet were applied. Both discharge systems were operated in the open to air atmosphere. Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) as well as ammonium (NH 4 ?), nitrate (NO 3-), and nitrite (NO 2-) ions were quantified in solutions treated by studied discharge systems. Additionally, an increase in the acidification of these solutions was noted in each case. Emission spectra of the near cathode zone of both systems were measured in order to elucidate mechanisms that lead to the formation of active species in gas and liquid phases of the discharge. Additionally, the concentration of active species in the liquid phase (H 2 O 2 , NH 4 ? , NO 3 and NO 2-) was monitored as a function of the solution uptake rate and the flow rate of Ar. The suitability of investigated discharge systems in the water treatment was tested on artificial wastewaters containing an organic dye (methyl red), hardly removable by classical methods non-ionic surfactants (light Triton x-45 and heavy Triton x-405) and very toxic Cr(VI) ions. Preliminary results presented here indicate that both investigated flow-through APGD systems may successfully be applied for the efficient and fast on-line continuous flow chemical degradation of toxic and hazardous organic and inorganic species in wastewater solutions. Keywords Atmospheric pressure glow discharge Á Degradation of hazardous chemicals Á Plasma water treatment processes Á Plasma-liquid interaction

International audienceAn analytical approach allowing the detection of previously unreported glutathione S-conjugates with selenocompounds in water extracts of nutritional yeast supplements was developed. The procedure was based on the use of two-dimensional size-exclusion and reversed-phase HPLC for the separation of selenospecies, ICP-MS for the monitoring of the eluting selenium, and electrospray MS-MS for the identification of the eluted species. The presence of six compounds with molecular masses of 197, 603, 562, 584, 372 and 432 (in the elution order from reversed-phase HPLC) was identified on the basis of the selenium isotopic pattern. The identity of the Mr 197 and 432 species was confirmed, by collision induced dissociation MS, to be selenomethionine and Se-adenosylhomocysteine, respectively. The compounds with larger Mr (562, 584, 604) were demonstrated, by reaction with dithiothreitol followed by HPLC-ICP-MS and ES-MS-MS, to contain a Se-S bridge between glutathione (?Glu-Cys-Gly) and a selenocompound that did not respond in the positive ES-MS mode. The MS-MS analysis of the original compound confirmed the presence of a selenium-containing fragment that could be fragmented only at high fragmentation energies. A similar Se-containing moiety (m/z 227), resistant to collision induced dissociation, was found in the 372 compound attached to a glutamine (Gln) residue as demonstrated by MS-MS