The Biochemistry of the Carotenoids

Goodwin, T. W.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-5860-9

Cited by 670 publications

(413 citation statements)

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“…It could be argued that this affected the results of this study. In flower petals, the pigments are stored as diesters, whereas they are found unesterified in most fruits and vegetables (Goodwin, 1980). In fact, industrial research showed that 93% of the lutein and zeaxanthin found in fruits, vegetables and eggs is found as lutein, rather than lutein esters (DeFreitas, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of lutein and antioxidant dietary supplementation on contrast sensitivity in age-related macular disease: a randomized controlled trial

Bartlett

Eperjesi

2007

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the effect of lutein combined with vitamin and mineral supplementation on contrast sensitivity in people with age-related macular disease (ARMD). Design: A prospective, 9-month, double-masked randomized controlled trial. Setting: Aston University, Birmingham, UK and a UK optometric clinical practice. Subjects: Age-related maculopathy (ARM) and atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD) participants were randomized (using a random number generator) to either placebo (n ¼ 10) or active (n ¼ 15) groups. Three of the placebo group and two of the active group dropped out. Interventions: The active group supplemented daily with 6 mg lutein combined with vitamins and minerals. The outcome measure was contrast sensitivity (CS) measured using the Pelli-Robson chart, for which the study had 80% power at the 5% significance level to detect a change of 0.3 log units. Results: The CS score increased by 0.0770.07 and decreased by 0.0270.18 log units for the placebo and active groups, respectively. The difference between these values is not statistically significant (z ¼ À0.903, P ¼ 0.376). Conclusion:The results suggest that 6 mg of lutein supplementation in combination with other antioxidants is not beneficial for this group. Further work is required to establish optimum dosage levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of lutein and antioxidant dietary supplementation on contrast sensitivity in age-related macular disease: a randomized controlled trial

Bartlett

Eperjesi

2007

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…First, the organisms used in the UVB experiment must be representative of natural conditions, not only in their abundance but also in their sensitivity to UVB radiation (Ochs 1997). Organisms cultured in the laboratory in the absence of UVB radiation might have reduced concentrations of molecular sunscreens, both colored and colorless (Goodwin 1980;Garcia-Pichel and Castenholz 1993) or reduced repair capabilities and thus, be more susceptible to UVB damage than natural organisms (Paerl et al 1985). Secondly, it is the relative sensitivity of different members of the community that determines the net impact on the ecosystem.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental test of the effect of ultraviolet‐B radiation in a planktonic community

Mostajir

Demers

Mora

et al. 1999

Limnology & Oceanography

114

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Ultraviolet-B (UVB, 280-320 nm) radiation is a natural component of sunlight that harms organisms and disturbs natural communities in surface waters. A natural planktonic assemblage of organisms (Ͻ240 m) was studied in a mesocosm experiment for 7 d under varying conditions of UVB radiation: UVB excluded, natural radiation, and UVB enhanced at two different levels. The dynamics of several populations at different trophic levels comprising heterotrophic bacteria (Ͻ1 m), heterotrophic flagellates (2-10 m), small phytoplankton (Ͻ5 m), large phytoplankton (5-20 m), and ciliates (15-35 m) were monitored during the experiment. Enhanced UVB provoked a significant decrease in the number of ciliates (66%) and large phytoplankton (63%) relative to natural UVB conditions. The severe effects of UVB radiation on ciliates and large phytoplankton communities shown here would strongly limit upward transfer of mass and energy. The decline of predator abundance (ciliates) under UVB stress relative to natural conditions resulted in a positive feedback between enhanced UVB radiation and prey abundances, shown by increased abundances of bacteria (49%), heterotrophic flagellates (up to 300%), and small phytoplankton (41%). Similarly, with respect to carbon partitioning, the decrease in ciliate and diatom carbon biomass (64 and 56%, respectively) under enhanced UVB exposure was balanced by an increase in the carbon biomass of heterotrophic bacteria (48%), heterotrophic flagellates (126%), and autotrophic flagellates (162%). As a manifestation of enhanced UVB at the community level, the ecosystem develops toward a microbial food web in preference to an herbivorous food web. Thus, enhanced UVB radiation can change the structure and dynamics of the pelagic food web.The pelagic planktonic community functions through a web of energy and nutrient exchanges mediated by a diverse array of producers and consumers, which ultimately depend on the energy supplied by sunlight. Following the discovery of stratospheric ozone depletion (Farman et al. 1985) and the resulting increase in intensity of biologically harmful UVB radiation (280-320 nm) reaching Antarctic waters, the majority of UVB studies have focused on phytoplankton be- AcknowledgmentsWe thank F. Rassoulzadegan, F. Azam, and T. Sime-Ngando for comments; C. Lovejoy and L. Bérard for help with the identification of some planktonic species; and D. Bourget and N. Lafontaine for nutrient analyses.This work was supported by NSERC of Canada, Fonds FCAR of Québec, and FODAR (University of Québec). International collaboration was made possible by NATO collaborative research grant (CRG 95139) to S.D. and P.M. This investigation is a contribution to the research programs of the Groupe de Recherche en Environnement Côtier.

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“…Although the color of the yolk did not indicate a change caused by retinol and retinol ester supplementation in the 4th week of the experiment, yolk color decreased in the 8th week after supplementation with R-propionate ( Table 4). The color of the yolk depends on the storage of carotenoids in the yolk (22). The observed fading of the yolk color in the R-propionate group in this study may be associated with a substantially lower plasma carotene level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Effect of retinol and retinol esters on performance, egg quality, and blood and egg vitamin A levels in laying quails

İlhan¹,

Bülbül²

2016

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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The Biochemistry of the Carotenoids

Cited by 670 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of lutein and antioxidant dietary supplementation on contrast sensitivity in age-related macular disease: a randomized controlled trial

Effect of lutein and antioxidant dietary supplementation on contrast sensitivity in age-related macular disease: a randomized controlled trial

Experimental test of the effect of ultraviolet‐B radiation in a planktonic community

Effect of retinol and retinol esters on performance, egg quality, and blood and egg vitamin A levels in laying quails

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