The Benefit of L-Threonine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Intestinal Morphology and Litter Quality of Broilers.

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary L-Threonine supplementation on broiler performance, carcass characteristics, duodenal histo-morphology and litter analysis. It was hypothesised that the overall broiler performance would be improved in threonine adequate diets with reduced environmental impact when using L-threonine supplementation. A total of 144-sexed Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated into 3 dietary treatments. Each treatment was replicated 6 times with 8 birds per replicate (4 male and 4 female). Treatment group 1 served as threonine deficient group, fed with a diet with all limiting amino acids met except threonine as no synthetic form was supplied. Treatment group 2 served as threonine adequate high crude protein, where L-Threonine adequacy was achieved with higher level of crude protein. Treatment group 3 served as L-Threonine adequate but achieved it through L-Threonine supplementation. Treatment effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal morphology and litter quality were determined. Results compared to group 1 showed that group 3 at the end of the experimental period (28 days) had improved final body weight P < 0.05, live and carcass weights P < 0.01, dressing yields P < 0.05, relative wing weights P < 0.01 and relative heart weights P < 0.05. However, group 2 showed numeric improvement in all aforementioned parameters but not enough to show significance. Litter moisture and nitrogen content was affected by dietary L-Threonine fortification P < 0.05. The lowest moisture and nitrogen content were noticed in group 3. Meanwhile, group 2 showed the highest nitrogen and group 1 showed the highest moisture content among all groups. Intestinal villi length and villus: crypt ratio was affected by dietary treatments P < 0.001 and P < 0.05 respectively. Group 3 showed the highest villus length and villus: crypt ratio followed by group 2 and group 1. In conclusion correcting L-Threonine deficient diet by adding L-Threonine significantly improved live weight gain and carcass characteristics, while numerically improved feed conversion ratio and breast weight. Correcting the deficit by supplying crude protein had no significant effect. Additionally, dietary L-Threonine supplementation reduced environmental burden by reducing both litter nitrogen and moisture content.

Effect of Dietary Replacement of Fishmeal by Insect Meal on Growth Performance, Blood Profiles and Economics of Growing Pigs in Kenya

“…Essential and non-essential amino acid contents of BSF larvae and experimental diets (Table 1) were analyzed by AMINOLab ® (Evonik Industries, Hanau, Germany) using an amino acid analyzer (Biochrom 30 plus, Biochrom Ltd. Cambridge, UK) [51,52,53,54,55]. Feed samples were homogenously ground with an Ultra Centrifugal Mill RETSCH-ZM 200 to pass through a 0.5 mm sieve.…”

Cost-Effectiveness of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal as Substitute of Fishmeal in Diets for Layer Chicks and Growers

“…The amino acids in the formulated diet types and the insect meal were analyzed by AMINOLab ® (Evonik Industries, Hanau, Germany) using conventionally acceptable methods [41][42][43][44][45][46] and the results are presented in Tables 1 and 2. The mineral composition of the diets was analyzed by CROPNUTS, which included boron, calcium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, magnesium, molybdenum, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, sulphur and zinc, [47][48][49][50].…”

Effect of L-Threonine Supplementation to Diet on Some Productive and Physiological of Traits Broiler Chickens Under Heat Stress Conditions

“…L-Threonine "is often the third limiting amino acid, and it is important for gut health, morphology, and function, as well as the optimal utilization of total sulfur amino acids and lysine, immunity, carcass traits, structural protein synthesis, antibody, uric acid, and pancreatic enzymes, intestinal barrier maintenance, and mucin synthesis. The intestinal mucosa is protected by the mucus layer, which contains mucins, and glycoproteins that need Threonine for production" (Al-Hayani, 2017;Al-Sagan et al, 2018). Estalkhzir et al, (2013) found that supplementing broiler diets with threonine improved body weight, feed conversion, and dressing percentage.…”