The autocrine regulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 in human brain of Alzheimer’s disease

Kang, Dali; Waldvogel, Henry J.; Wang, Ao; Fan, Dawei; Faull, Richard L. M.; Curtis, Maurice A.; Shorten, Paul R.; Guan, Jian

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105191

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A recent human brain tissue study evaluated changes in IGF-1, cGP, and IGFBP-2 and -3 in the brain regions of AD cases and age-matched control cases [ 26 ]. The concentration of total IGF-1 is lower in the inferior-frontal gyrus and middle-frontal gyrus of the AD brains compared to the control brains.…”

Section: Clinical Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the concentrations of IGFBP-3 and cGP are higher in the inferior-frontal gyrus and middle-frontal gyrus in the AD compared to the control cases [ 26 ]. The increase in IGFBP-3 concentration, which could be a result of an inflammatory response to brain degeneration [ 105 ], may reduce bioavailable IGF-1 in the AD brain, further reducing the amount of bioavailable IGF-1.…”

Section: Clinical Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase in IGFBP-3 concentration, which could be a result of an inflammatory response to brain degeneration [ 105 ], may reduce bioavailable IGF-1 in the AD brain, further reducing the amount of bioavailable IGF-1. The increase in cGP is likely a response to improve the bioavailability of IGF-1 in the AD brain [ 26 ].…”

Section: Clinical Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is more critical following the decline in IGF-1 production with age and in neurological conditions associated with IGF-1 deficiency. Characterised as IGF-1 resistance, the increase in IGF-1 concentration has been shown in age-related degenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. This associates with the increase in IGFBP concentrations, which reduces the amount of bioavailable IGF-1 in circulation and in brain tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyclic Glycine-Proline (cGP) Normalises Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) Function: Clinical Significance in the Ageing Brain and in Age-Related Neurological Conditions

Guan

Kang

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) function declines with age and is associated with brain ageing and the progression of age-related neurological conditions. The reversible binding of IGF-1 to IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 regulates the amount of bioavailable, functional IGF-1 in circulation. Cyclic glycine-proline (cGP), a metabolite from the binding site of IGF-1, retains its affinity for IGFBP-3 and competes against IGF-1 for IGFBP-3 binding. Thus, cGP and IGFBP-3 collectively regulate the bioavailability of IGF-1. The molar ratio of cGP/IGF-1 represents the amount of bioavailable and functional IGF-1 in circulation. The cGP/IGF-1 molar ratio is low in patients with age-related conditions, including hypertension, stroke, and neurological disorders with cognitive impairment. Stroke patients with a higher cGP/IGF-1 molar ratio have more favourable clinical outcomes. The elderly with more cGP have better memory retention. An increase in the cGP/IGF-1 molar ratio with age is associated with normal cognition, whereas a decrease in this ratio with age is associated with dementia in Parkinson disease. In addition, cGP administration reduces systolic blood pressure, improves memory, and aids in stroke recovery. These clinical and experimental observations demonstrate the role of cGP in regulating IGF-1 function and its potential clinical applications in age-related brain diseases as a plasma biomarker for—and an intervention to improve—IGF-1 function.

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Section: Clinical Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cyclic Glycine-Proline (cGP) Normalises Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) Function: Clinical Significance in the Ageing Brain and in Age-Related Neurological Conditions

Guan

Kang

et al. 2023

Molecules

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“…Decreased peripheral and cerebrospinal fluid IGF-1 concentrations could be a potential marker for the cognitive decline and progression of Alzheimer’s disease. In the brain of Alzheimer’s disease patients, bioavailable IGF-1 deficiency was shown with increases in bound IGFBP-3 and bound cGP [ 162 ]. As IGF-1 is involved in synaptogenesis, increased bioavailable IGF-1/cGP could improve brain function in Alzheimer’s disease.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Action Of Anthocyanins In Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Anthocyanins in Chronic Diseases: The Power of Purple

et al. 2022

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Anthocyanins are mainly purple-coloured phenolic compounds of plant origin that as secondary metabolites are important in plant survival. Understanding their health benefits in humans requires sourcing these unstable compounds in sufficient quantities at a reasonable cost, which has led to improved methods of extraction. Dark-coloured fruits, cereals and vegetables are current sources of these compounds. The range of potential sustainable sources is much larger and includes non-commercialised native plants from around the world and agri-waste containing anthocyanins. In the last 5 years, there have been significant advances in developing the therapeutic potential of anthocyanins in chronic human diseases. Anthocyanins exert their beneficial effects through improvements in gut microbiota, oxidative stress and inflammation, and modulation of neuropeptides such as insulin-like growth factor-1. Their health benefits in humans include reduced cognitive decline; protection of organs such as the liver, as well as the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys; improvements in bone health and obesity; and regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. This review summarises some of the sources of anthocyanins and their mechanisms and benefits in the treatment of chronic human diseases.

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Effect of gastrodin against cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration in APP/PS1 mice via regulating gut microbiota–gut–brain axis

et al. 2023

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The autocrine regulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 in human brain of Alzheimer’s disease

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Cyclic Glycine-Proline (cGP) Normalises Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) Function: Clinical Significance in the Ageing Brain and in Age-Related Neurological Conditions

Cyclic Glycine-Proline (cGP) Normalises Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) Function: Clinical Significance in the Ageing Brain and in Age-Related Neurological Conditions

Anthocyanins in Chronic Diseases: The Power of Purple

Effect of gastrodin against cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration in APP/PS1 mice via regulating gut microbiota–gut–brain axis

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